2026-05-01T01:11:36Z https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/oai

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/1 2022-02-28T17:53:37Z tt:G.Edt driver

Multiple Sclerosis: A Neurological Disorder Tauseef, Aneeza Hayee, Sara Multiple sclerosis (MS)is a long lasting, chronic and auto-immune disease which affects central nervous system. In this auto-immune disease, our own immune system damages the body.It is a disabling disease of spinal cord and brain, specially deteriorates optic nerve of eyes. The disease is caused when immune system of the body attacks on myelin sheath which is a protective layer of neurons; the structural and functional unit of nervous system. This sheath protects the nerve fibers. Damage to myelin sheath exposes the nerve fibers, which slows down or blocks the nerve impulse passing through the nerve. This disease appears between the ageof 20 to 50 years in most cases. Statistics reveal that it is more common in women than men. The causes of this disease are unknown but scientists believe that the risk factor of this disease is the combination of genetics and environment. Its symptoms include effects on body movements involving loss of balance, weakness or numbness in limbs, dizziness, body pains, electric shock sensations specially in neck region,fatigue,difficulty swallowing, slurred speechand vertigo.It also involves problems relating sexual, bowel and bladder functions. It may also cause depression and anxiety.The symptoms are different in children than adults. It starts with acute encephalomyelitis, including fever, stiff neck, seizures, coma and confusion. It these symptoms persist, doctor should be consulted immediately. Research has shown that there are some factors whichcan increase the chances of its development. These factors include;age,climate, Vitamin D and other auto-immune diseases.  MS can occur at any age in one’s life but its onset is common between 20 to 50 years. The risk of developing of MS in twin babies is 1 in 4 cases. However, younger and older people can be affected too.Considering the factor of climate, MS is found to be more common in countries found in temperate regions of the world. Statistics have shown that MS was common in people living in New Zealand, Canada, USA and many other European countries. All of us know what is the importance of vitamins. It has been observed that lower levels of Vitamin D and decreased sunlight exposure are related with greater risk of this disease. Many people suffer from auto-immune diseases for example pernicious anemia, Inflammatory bowel disease, Type I Diabetes Mellitus and thyroid problems. Recent studies show that person already facing the trouble of auto-immune disease is at higher risk of getting MS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been divided into four basic types: Primary progressive MS (PPMS), Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), Progressive Relapsing MS (PRMS) and Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS). Recent findings from a National MS Society estimated that nearly 1 million people in the United States are affected with MS. This is more than double the last reported number, and the first national research on MS prevalence since 1975. The society also estimated that 2.3 million people live with MS globally. There is no specific laboratory or diagnostic test to check for MS. For detection of MS, differential diagnosis is used in which signs, symptoms and patients condition is used to rule out the overall scenario. Some blood tests are recommended by doctors which check specific biomarkers associated with MS. MRIis helpfuland it can reveal some areas of spinal cord and brain to see lesions.Spinal tap in which a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the spinal canal for laboratory analysis. This sample can show abnormalities in antibodies that are associated with MS.Electric signals produced by nervous system in response to specific stimuli are recorded in a test called Evoked potential test. It’s unfortunate that there is no complete cure of this disease up-till now. Treatment helps tospeed up the, slowing the progression of the disease and managing MS symptoms to help patient live a better life. Treatment for attacks includes the useof  corticosteroids and plasma exchange. Previously, it was thought that this disease is uncommon in Pakistan. But new data shows its prevalence to be 10 in 10,0000 of population. It is affecting the Pakistani population on same patterns as found in West. It is found to be more common in women than men. It has been affecting more people who are passing third decade of life. Among its types, Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) is more common in Pakistan. It’s unfortunate that the reports about this disease are few in numbers and there is a need to conduct a thorough research in hope of finding a complete cure of this disease and  making the life of patients affected by it much more comfortable. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/1 10.54393/tt.v1i1.1 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 02-03 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/1/1 10.54393/tt.v1i1.1.g1 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/2 2022-02-28T17:53:37Z tt:O.A driver

CORRELATION OF SCAPULAR POSITION AND NECK PAIN AMONG AUTO DRIVERS: Neck Pain Among Auto Drivers Khalid, Shanza Sharif, Faiza Ahmad, Ashfaq Gilani, Syed Amir Mechanicalneckpainisalsoreferredasnon-specificneckpain.Itmaydefineaspainwhich is aggravated by movement, relived by rest and that is not associated with serious underlying pathology.Among drivers, complaintsconcerningthemusculoskeletalsystemaremostfrequentlyreportedfromtheneck,shoulderand lower back. The driving sitting position is featured by non-neutral spinal postures, generally a reduction in neutrallumbarlordosisandanincreasedordecreasedneckflexion. Objective: To find out the association of neck pain and scapular position among auto drivers.Methods:  It was a cross sectional study. Data was collected by 160 auto drivers on basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. VAS was used for pain intensity and distance between scapula and spinous process was measured by Vernier caliper. Data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics was given in form of mean and standard deviation.Result:  The results of current study showed that the mean value of scapular protraction of right side when hands at rest was 6.96, when hands on hip was 7.56 and when 90 degree glenohumeral abduction with internal rotation was 7.19. For visual analog scale scoring for right side when hands at rest the mean score was 5.84 and when hands on hip it was 6.84, and when 90o degree abduction the score was 6.44. When we discuss about the scapular protraction for the left side when hands were at rest the mean value was 6.87 and when hands on hip it was 7.53 and 90o glenohumeral abduction with internal rotation was 7.5. Similarly, VAS scoring for left side hands at rest is 5.61, for hands on hip was 6.65 and 90pglenohumeral abduction.Conclusions:This study explains that there is significant difference on hand in different of three positions in drivers who worked for long hours in abnormal posture. Scapular protraction is high when hand placed at hip, also a VAS for neck pain is high in both right and left side CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/2 10.54393/tt.v1i1.2 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 07-11 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/2/3 10.54393/tt.v1i1.2.g3 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/3 2022-02-28T17:53:57Z tt:Edt. driver

Active Lifestyle and Immune System Mehboob, Riffat Immunity is the defence mechanism of any organism in which it resists against infections, diseases and foreign pathogens. There are many contributing factors responsible for the performance of an immune system known collectively as life style factors or modifiable factors. These factors comprise of sleep, psychological well-being, diet, nutrition and physical activity. In this review we will discuss the impact of physical activity on health, aging and immunity. The management of immune system through physical activity and it’s importance will be also discussed. Although, for a balance immune system, diet and nutrition also have a major role along with physical activity. But in this mini-review our focus will be on the physical activity aspect to enhance and boost the immunity. Sleeping for 8 hours and brisk walk for 20-30 minutes at least is required along with healthy diet, for an effective immune system. Improper diet or lack of good sleep or physical activity and effect immunity and make a person more vulnerable to diseases and having a healthy lifestyle can help you fight against such conditions. Avoiding junk and fast food and replacing it with organic food helps in positive immune response. Various health related advantages of physical activity on regular basis. It has positive impact on the functionality of immune system. However, we cannot say for sure about the risk of contracting infection as it is still not clear. There are different levels of physical activities and they affect the immune system in a variable fashion. For example, athletes have intensive physical activity which suppresses the activity of many immune cells. On the other hand, some types of immune cells are stimulated by an intermediate physical activity. Hence, there are variables responses of physical activity on immune system regulation in athletes and in common population. These mechanisms that transform an active life style into good immune regulation which means good health, is still under investigation. Future researches are suggested to know the optimal extent of physical activity and training which may affect the immunity in a positive manner.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/3 10.54393/tt.v1i2.3 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 02; 01-01 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/3/17 10.54393/tt.v1i2.3.g17 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/4 2022-02-28T17:53:37Z tt:O.A driver

Frequency of Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Geriatric Population in Lahore, Pakistan Naeem, Ali Asad Batool, Sana Fatima, Komal Riaz, Rabeea The prevalence of pressure ulcers has turned out to be across the board, particularly in critically ill bedridden patients, especially in the geriatrics population. Along with their condition, poor level of nutrition, increased, moisture, low mobility and constant sheer friction forces acting upon their body lead to the development of pressure ulcers. Lack of proper care from nursing staff, as well as attendants, will contribute more to this. Hence, the aim of this study was to find the prevalence of pressure ulcers in older bedridden patients. Objective: To find out the prevalence of pressure ulcers in the geriatric population in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The examination was completed between April and July on 180 patients. A cross-sectional survey was done to gather data through a questionnaire to discover the incidence of pressure ulcers in the geriatric population in Lahore. Collected data was statistically entered by SPSS ver.(21.0) software. Results: The study included 180 subjects. Out of 277 subjects, 46(25.6.7%) had severe risk, 17(9.4%) had high risk, 25(13.9%) had moderate risk, 30(16.7) had and finally, 62(34.4) had no risk of developing pressure sores. Conclusions: The study concluded that increased moisture low mobility poor nutrition and continued friction and shear forces lead to the development of pressure ulcers. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/4 10.54393/tt.v1i1.4 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 22-26 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/4/15 10.54393/tt.v1i1.4.g15 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/5 2022-02-28T17:53:37Z tt:R.A. driver

Physical Activity and Immunity Khalid, Sidra Sedentary Life style, Immunity, Healthy activities Physical exercise during childhood and adolescence also provides protection against a wide range of chronic diseases and risk factors connected with diseases, since it has an anti-inflammatory impact. Improper diet or lack of good sleep or physical activity may affect immunity and make a person more vulnerable to diseases. While having a healthy lifestyle can help you fight against such conditions. Sleeping for 8-10hr daily and brisk walking for half an hour minimum with some aerobic exercises may have a positive effect on health. Avoiding junk and fast food and replacing it with organic food helps in positive immune response. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/5 10.54393/tt.v1i1.5 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 04-06 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/5/13 10.54393/tt.v1i1.5.g13 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/6 2022-02-28T17:53:37Z tt:O.A driver

Frequency of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Lower Extremity Among Construction Workers : Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Construction Workers Bashir, Fatima Afzal, Muhammad Waqar Ahmed, Ashfaq Gilani, Syed Amir Musculoskeletal lower extremity pain constitutes one of the main professional hazards among construction workers. Because laborers require heavy lifting, repetitive bending, twisting, prolong standing and sitting in awkward position.Objective: To find out the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders of lower extremity among construction workers. Method: A self administered questionnaire was undertaken to detect the occurrence of work related musculoskeletal disorders of lower extremity among 151 construction workers. Data was analyzed statistically by SPSS version 21.0.  Results:  Mean age of respondents was 31.13 years with only males. Hip pain prevalence was found to be 20 (13.2%), knee pain 25(16.6%) and ankle/foot pain 29(19.9%).There was significant association of lower extremity pain with age, type of occupation and p-value was less than (0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that lower extremity musculoskeletal pain is very common among construction workers due to their nature of work. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/6 10.54393/tt.v1i1.6 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 12-15 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/6/4 10.54393/tt.v1i1.6.g4 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/7 2022-02-28T17:53:37Z tt:O.A driver

Assessment of Health Related Quality of Life in Post Traumatic Brain Injury: Health Related Quality of Life in TBI Anam, Afshan Sharif, Faiza Chugtai, Arsalan Saleem Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs as a result of an outside force, e.g. a blow to the head in a fall or traffic accident, and is a major cause of death and disability all over the world, especially in children and young adults.Objective: To determine the Assessment of health related quality of life in post traumatic brain injury. Methods:It was the cross-sectional observational study. Data was collected by 40 TBI patients on basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of life after traumatic brain injury questionnaire was used in this study to see the QoL in post TBI patients.Results: In general males were more affected then females and main reason of TBI was motor bike. The quality of life much affected in feeling, physical work and social relationship. The QoL didn’t depend upon time since injury but depend on severity of injury. Conclusion: Physical work issue was the fundamental predictive factor of  hundered personal satisfaction of TBI individuals perhaps, there was no relationship among impairment and QoL. This change of QOL has clinical implications and features the need of more endeavors to improve the rehabilitation interventions. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/7 10.54393/tt.v1i1.7 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 16-21 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/7/14 10.54393/tt.v1i1.7.g14 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/8 2023-01-11T16:38:43Z tt:O.A driver

Burnout Syndrome Among Physiotherapists: Burnout Syndrome Among Physiotherapists Bashir, Maida Bukhari, Bazal Nasir, Maham Rasool, Amina Arshad, Masooma Hameed, Adeela Burnout, Physiotherapists physical exhaution mental exhaustation Burnout is formally defined as a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion as a result of long term stress Objective: The purpose of the study was to find out level of burnout among physiotherapists and to assess the different factors of burnout Methods: The study was a cross sectional survey, a sample of 245 participants was selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. An inclusion and exclusion criteria was set up and data was collected by using Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data Results: Results of the study showed that mean+SD score for emotional exhaustion was 16.55+ 5.07, mean+SD score for personal accomplishment was 44.73+1.54 and mean+SD score for depersonalization was 0.75+0.93 Conclusion: It was concluded that the level of burnout among physiotherapists ranged from low to moderate. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/8 10.54393/tt.v2i2.8 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 03-07 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/8/22 10.54393/tt.v2i2.8.g22 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/9 2022-02-28T17:53:57Z tt:O.A driver

Effects of German Volume Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy: Effects of German Volume Training on Muscle Butt, Muhammad Zeeshan Iqbal, Yasmeen Ahmad, Bilal Resistance training, German volume training, muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength Strength training is a kind of practice intended to enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy. To maximize these training adaptations, the appropriate modulation of resistance training variables is needed. Objective: To measure the effect of resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy between two groups, group A (05 sets) vs. group B (10 sets) over a period of 14 weeks of training. Methods: The data was collected from gym goers at the University of Lahore, aged between 18-25 years, and had experience of resistance training at a recreational level for one year. Twenty trained athletes were incorporated and purposive sampling was used in this study. The training intervention was conducted over three sessions in a week with one day of transition period for proper recovery from fatigue due to high intensity training. Session one consisted of chest and upper back exercises, session two consisted of leg exercises, and session three contained arms and shoulder exercises. The baseline characteristics of both groups were assessed at the initial stage, including age, height, and total body mass, and after training, the paired-samples t-test was used to assess the mean difference between both groups. Results: The mean difference for paired-samples t-test for anterior thigh muscle thickness of group A was -1.900 while group B had -4.900. Similarly, in strength, the mean difference for paired-samples test for1RM leg press of group A was -39.600 whereas group B had -29.800. The results showed that group A gained significant muscle hypertrophy and strength as compared to group B. Conclusion: It was found that 5 sets on each muscle group in a week with three workout sessions showed better results in order to enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/9 10.54393/tt.v1i2.9 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 02; 20-25 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/9/43 10.54393/tt.v1i2.9.g43 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/10 2023-01-11T16:39:34Z tt:O.A driver

Comparative Effects of Exergaming and Treadmill Training on Balance and Mobility in Patients with Chronic Stroke Wahid, Sidra Zahoor, Idrees Ahmed Mehmood, Sajid Rana, Arif Ali Awan, Noman Ghaffar Raza, Ali Pressure ulcers, geriatrics, bed ridden  Stroke is the chief cause of death and disability in the world that led toward impaired balance and mobility. Treatments that provide feedback, increase practice with multiple repetitions, and motivate patients are essential for rehabilitation after stroke. Objective: To determine whether playing video gaming exercises or treadmill training is better for balance and mobility post-stroke. Methods: A total of sixteen chronic stroke patients were randomly allocated to either the gaming or control groups. In this group patients were given visual feedback that was displayed on the screen. Participants played games for six weeks, work for 40 minutes per day, three days per week the therapy consisted solely of standing-up gameplay with no baseline therapy.  The control group training with baseline treatment for six weeks, work for 40 minutes per day, three days per week. Both groups were tested earlier the study following intervention later 6 weeks. The Berg Balance Scale and TUG were used as outcome measures (Timed Up and Go test). Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups when analyzed post-treatment, but some significant differences were found within the group. By assuming equal variances and degree of freedom 14, there was no statistically significant difference, the p-value for BBS before VR was .170, and after VR was.686. However, the p-value for BBS before TT was .830, and after TT was .731. For TUG p-value before VR was .264   and after VR was .571. the p-Value for TUG before TT was .908 and after .416. The difference of mean for BBS before VR was .250 and after VR was 1.250 compared before TT 1.00000 and after 2.2500. For TUG, before VR was -1.000 and after VR was -2.250 comparing TUG pre-TT was -.62500 and post TT was -.3750. Conclusion: Although there was no statistical distinction between the two categories, the gamers were more excited and driven to be involved in the intervention for a longer period of time. Before considerable gains in commercially available general-purpose games may be realized, therapist guidance in developing more optimal movement choices may be required. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/10 10.54393/tt.v2i1.10 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2021); 23-31 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/10/37 10.54393/tt.v2i1.10.g37 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/11 2023-01-11T16:39:34Z tt:O.A driver

Frequency of Musculoskeletal Pain Among Biomedical Science Students Working in Laboratory : Musculoskeletal Pain Among Laboratory Students Anwar, Safa Batool, Sana Arif, Samia Musculoskeletal pain, biomedical science students, Laboratory activities Objective: To find out the frequency of musculoskeletal pain and to identify risk factors among biomedical science students working in laboratory Methods: This cross-sectional study used Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire among biomedical science students and was conducted in the university of Central Punjab and University of Lahore, Pakistan. Study sample comprised of 103 participants. Data was collected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique and was analyzed through SPPS v 21.0 Results: Out of 103 students  reported a laboratory related musculoskeletal pain in the last 12 months while 16 (15.5%) within 7 days. The lower back (21.4% and 16.5%), neck (13.6% and 9.7%) and shoulders (10.7% and 6.8%) were the most common sites of problems reported within a 12 month and 7 day period respectively. Moreover, feeling of pain or discomfort in lower back, neck and shoulders prevented 18 subjects (17.4%) from performing daily activities while the 10 (9.8%) students required physical assistance during past last year. There was a statistically significant association between WMSP and gender, laboratory activity, and students work position Conclusion: It is concluded that significant number of university biomedical science students experienced musculoskeletal pain during their laboratory training activities which was found to be highly prevalent in upper extremities than lower extremities. Students reported work related musculoskeletal pain during the last 12 months respectively which has affected their daily activities. Few of them also seek medical advice by the health professionals. Students need education and awareness for better seating and safer work postures that may reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/11 10.54393/tt.v2i1.11 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2021); 11-17 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/11/38 10.54393/tt.v2i1.11.g38 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/12 2022-02-28T17:53:57Z tt:O.A driver

Risk Factors Associated With Recurrent Hamstring Injuries in Sports Athletes: Risk Factors of Recurrent Hamstring Injuries Shahid, Qurat ul Ain Bukhari, Bazal Ghaffar, Hassan Abdul Hashim, Adnan Sheeraz, Muhammad Ali, Sarwat Hamstring, Strain, Recurrent, Risk factor, Bicep femoris Hamstring injuries are commonly strained and occur proximally around the muscle-tendon junction, injuring the biceps femoris laterally. Gashes, wounds, and strains are three different types of muscle damage depending on the event instrument. Objective is to assess recurrent hamstring injuries in sports athletes Methods: A cross-sectional research was observed in 183 participants .18 to 35 years were observed. Special informed consents were gathered from the participants before the study. Most of the participants were student athletes of the University of Lahore. Data was collected using a non-probability handy sampling strategy. SPSS statistics v. 25 was used to analyze the data. Results: Participants in the sample were on average 24.69 years old, the youngest is eighteen years old, while the oldest is thirty-four years old. In this study included both genders .102 were males (55.7%) and 81 female (44.3) participants, with 27 of the participants married and 4 divorced individuals. 35.% of the athletes play Football, 11.5% play Basketball, 14.8% play both Football and Basketball. While, 23.5% play Cricket and only 14.8% play Badminton. 36.6% of the participants had playing experience of 5 years or more. While others averaged between 1-4 years of experience. Only 75 of the 183 participants indicated that they stretched 5 minutes before any exercise or sports. 63 participants stretched 10 minutes before any exercise or sports. While, only 13 claimed they stretched for 20 minutes and 2 participants stretched for 25 minutes. A history of previous injury was noted in 48.6% of athletes, while 51.4% claimed to not have had any previous injury. Positive pain or tightness in the thighs was noted for 134 (73.2%) athletes. 48.6% of the dataset population had a recurrent hamstring injury. While, 51.4% did not. Conclusions: Notable associations were noted for hamstring injuries with stretching of muscles, muscle tightness, low back pains, inadequate warm-ups before playing and playing days after the occurrence of an injury. Results also shows that fatigue and old age is not a strong risk factor for the recurrence of hamstring strain. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/12 10.54393/tt.v1i2.12 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 02; 14-19 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/12/42 10.54393/tt.v1i2.12.g42 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/13 2022-02-28T17:53:57Z tt:G.Edt driver

Role of Tension in Skin Scarring Naqvi, Syeda Itrat Zahra Skin scarring wound healing therapy tension Skin scarring is a natural process of healing and represents a massive burden on individuals and societies .Scars appear due to sealing of an open skin that occurs more quickly than the normal skin growing process. Depending on the place where scars form, people may suffer severe issues like not able to bend their joints, open or close their mouth parts and lastly suffer from social stigma. A scar is not bad if it is small, not visible or easy to heal. But it is astonishing that recent researches have opened up new ways for us to treat scars instead of hiding them under clothes. Recently, scientists suggested the critical role of tension during process of scarring. They observed that early in the fetal developmental stage, when the skin is more gelatinous (less tight), the skin injury does not lead to scarring and likewise, at the older age (95 years) scarring is minimal due to less tightening of skin. Now, the questions arise; why and how tension in the skin induces scar formation during healing? The gene named "engrailed" helps produce a protein (sometimes found in fibroblast; a skin cell) that stimulates scar formation. Researchers observed that fibroblasts did not expressed engrailed when grown on tension-free gel; but the expression occurs when grown on stress-inducing plastic. In the later case, inhibition in expression of engrailed was observed after addition of a chemical which inhibit mechanical strain signaling. Similarly, a number of studies in mice suggested crucial role of tension in induction of scarring. For a successful wound healing therapy, three outcomes are important to be true skin regeneration; appearance of normal hair follicles and glands, normal epidermal appearance under microscope and regenerated skin needs to be as strong as normal skin. Concurrent to these outcomes, scientists are working with mice by blocking mechanical stress signals with U.S approved drugs and waiting for next stage with pre-clinical trials with other mammalian species. In summary, with the rising social and financial burdens of scarring, advancements in the research inspire novel therapies to tackle outcomes of scar formation. Recent studies focus on the role of mechanical forces during scarring whereas, clinical trials favor minimizing tension may led to minimal scar formation. However, tension free therapies for scar reduction persist various limitations and sometimes, not applicable. It is also noteworthy that considerable differences between the mouse and human skin may limit the applications of clinical findings. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/13 10.54393/tt.v1i2.13 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 02; 02-02 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/13/18 10.54393/tt.v1i2.13.g18 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/14 2022-02-28T17:53:37Z tt:Edt. driver

Launch of ‘The Therapist’: A Journal Covering all Therapies to Improve Human Health Mehboob, Riffat ‘The Therapist’, abbreviated as ‘TT’ is an official journal of ‘Lahore Medical Research Center’ (LMRC), LLP. We are pleased to announce the launch of this journal of therapies and rehabilitation sciences including physical therapy, stem cell therapy, speech therapy, psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, radiotherapy, dialectial behavior therapy, Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, Mentalization-based therapy, animal-assisted therapy, emotion focused therapy, family therapy, group therapy, mind-fulness-based therapy, virtual therapy, exposure therapy, interpersonal therapy, diet therapy, virtual therapy, hydrotherapy, heat therapy are among the few. Mission of this journal is to publish the studies in the above areas and relevant disciplines. These researches will be of great significance and may contribute to the awareness and understanding of the impact of different therapies on human health improvement. To our knowledge this is the first journal with this unique scope. Studies related to these topic are most welcome from national and international authors. It will help all of us to work as global team to do something for the betterment of ailing humanity and share ideas for this noble cause. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/14 10.54393/tt.v1i1.14 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 01-01 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/14/12 10.54393/tt.v1i1.14.g12 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/15 2022-03-01T12:35:16Z tt:O.A driver

Effects of Functional Ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis after taking Corticosteroid injection and routine physical therapy Mohiuddin, Maha Amjad, Fareeha Arooj, Ayesha Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most well-known type of joint inflammation. It is degenerative joint disease or "extent" joint pain. OA can cause irritation, stiffness, and swelling. Objective: To determine the functional ability of knee OA patients after intra-articular corticosteroid injection and routine physical therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with over 150 participants and the data was collected from Haq hospital and the University of Lahore teaching hospital for 6 months. The data was collected using the nonprobability purposive sampling technique. The knee injury and OA outcome score questionnaire were utilized as the outcome measure (KOOS). SPSS V.25 was used for statistical analysis. Results:  The mean age for the subjects was 55.08±11.88. The statistically significant results were found with pain, symptoms, improved activities of daily living, sports and recreation, and quality of life in the group of patients who have received physical therapy. Conclusions: It is concluded that physical therapy shows better functional ability as compared to corticosteroid injection. But the corticosteroid injections are useful in short-term treatment and exercise therapy can be recommended for patients with severe arthritis as an effective method for long-term improvement. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/15 10.54393/tt.v1i1.15 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 01; 27-30 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/15/16 10.54393/tt.v1i1.15.g16 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/16 2022-03-01T15:00:09Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Preeclampsia in Adolescent Ahmad, Asad Mohammed, Shaher Bano Sohail, Maria Ashraf, Hafiza Sana Safdar, Zainab Asghar, Marya Adolescent pregnancy is one of the most highlighted social and public health issues present at a global level with varying prevalence rate. It represents a massive risk group in reproductive terms due to the excessive burden of growth along with reproduction. Pregnancy at such a young age may lead to premature delivery, pre-eclampsia, and massive fetal deaths. These adverse outcomes are influenced by in adequate prenatal care, poor socioeconomic status, and weight gain during pregnancy. The prevalence rate of preeclampsia is twice as higher in teenagers than any other age group of women. Objective: To know the prevalence of pre-eclampsia in adolescent pregnancy and to find out the relationship of pre-eclampsia with age group, body mass index, and education of pregnant young girls. Methods: An observational (cross-sectional) study was conducted on 383 females selected through a nonprobability convenience sampling technique. The study was conducted at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital within the duration of 5 months after approval of the synopsis. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Chi-square and person correlation tests were used to find out the association of pre-eclampsia with age group, body mass index and education. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20±1 years. Total 383 females were chosen for the study. Results showed that n=114 (29.8%) were suffering from preeclampsia while n 269 (70.23%) were not. There was a significant relationship of pre-eclampsia.  Conclusions: The prevalence is quite prominent in pregnant females showing that are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the study also shows that the majority of women suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension were illiterate. Therefore, health literacy is important for females to interpret and apply healthcare information for making accurate health decisions in such a critical aspect of life. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/16 10.54393/tt.v1i2.16 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 02; 03-08 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/16/19 10.54393/tt.v1i2.16.g19 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/17 2022-03-01T15:14:22Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Uterus Prolapse in Pregnant Females of Lahore: A Cross-sectional Survey Asma, Shafaq Naseer, Amna Ashraf, Hafiza Sana Sohail, Maria Asif, Tooba Safdar, Zainab Uterus prolapse is a common gynecological condition which is relatively less common during pregnancy. Prolapse maybe conceptualized as a type of herniation or bulge of the pelvic organs into or out of the vagina because of damage or weakness of connective tissues and muscles of pelvic floor area Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence of uterus prolapse among pregnant females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant females. Sample size of 189 was calculated. Standardized questionnaire was used for data collection Results: A bulge or protrusion falling out that you can see or feel in your vagina was moderately present in 5.3% (10) females. Heaviness in the pelvic area was felt by 6.9% (13) females. Along with prolapse there was weakness in pelvic floor muscles and ligaments so that the leakage of urine is present in 3.7% (7) females Conclusions: Uterus prolapse is mildly present in 8.5% and moderately present among 5.3% of pregnant females varying with their age, parity and strength of pelvic floor structures. All females with prolapse have a bulge in their vagina but its severity is different in every woman. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/17 10.54393/tt.v1i2.17 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 02; 09-13 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/17/20 10.54393/tt.v1i2.17.g20 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/18 2023-01-11T16:39:34Z tt:O.A driver

Comparison of Core Stability Exercises with Williams’ Flexion Exercises in Patients with Non-Specific low back pain Zahoor, Idrees Ahmed Mehmood, Sajid Rana, Arif Ali Ghaffar, Noman Hashim, Muhammad Wahid, Sidra Visual analog scale, Auto drivers, Vernier Caliper, Scapular protection Low back pain is the most common complaint experienced by the majority of people at some point in their lifetime. Physical therapy has been in favor of effective treatment and prevention of low back pain. However, there is a lack of agreement on the best exercise treatment and abundant studies are in progress. Categorical studies are lacking particularly in this part of the world. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of two specific exercises, core stability exercises with Williams’ flexion exercises, in patients with non-specific low back pain. Objective:The objective of this study was to find out the most effective treatment for patients with non-specific low back pain Methods: This study is a single-blinded randomized clinical trial that was conducted in the physiotherapy outdoor patient department of the public hospital, Jinnah Hospital Lahore (JHL). 20 patients with non-specific low back pain were randomly allocated in two treatment groups, 10 in A (core stability exercises) and 10 in B (Williams’ flexion exercises), after giving informed consent. The conventional treatment of low back pain. e.g. Hot or cold pack, electrotherapeutic modalities was given to the patients of both groups along with their specialized group treatment. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire were used before treatment and after the third treatment session during the period of one to two weeks to measure outcomes. The independent samples T-test was used for data analysis. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant Results: The results of this study illustrated that there is a significant difference between the two groups in clinical and therapeutic effect in the reduction of pain as the P-value is <0.05. While the results in the reduction of pain-related disability, measured by the Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, were not significant as P-value >0.05(P= 0.184). Conclusions: The study indicates that core stability exercises are more effective than Williams’ flexion exercises for the reduction of non-specific low back pain except for a reduction in pain-related disability. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/18 10.54393/tt.v2i1.18 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2021); 03-10 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/18/39 10.54393/tt.v2i1.18.g39 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/19 2023-01-11T16:39:34Z tt:Edt. driver

Piriformis Syndrome: diagnosis and treatment Tanveer, Fahad Prevalence, Musculoskeletal disorders, Construction workers Piriformis Syndrome (PS) also correlates with the other medical diseases during the outlook of the syndrome in the clinical settings, because it may be similar to primary sacral dysfunction, lumbarradiculopathy or innominate dysfunction. For the identification of the syndrome, it needs to have the knowledge of structure and function of the piriformis muscle and its relationship with the sciatic nerve. The clinician’s review the clinical conditions and anatomical features of this condition, encapsulating the osteopathic medical approach to management and diagnosis. In holistic approach, the detail requires the examination of the neurological history of the patient which contains the pathological content of the piriformis syndrome. PS is a kind of sciatica which occurs due to a compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. This cause of sciatica is not very frequent but it is still significant. Its diagnosis is not easy due to overlapping of symptoms of other conditions of low back and pelvic region pain. An ultrasound-guided injection technique renders a much improved accuracy to locate the piriformis muscle. An interdisciplinary evaluation is recommended for the optimization of diagnosis and treatment approach [1]. Treatment of PS has always been focusing on physical therapy and stretching. However, the refractory patients receive anesthesia and corticosteroid injections in piriformis muscle. The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of PS is also popular, it relieves the compression in sciatic nerve [2]. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/19 10.54393/tt.v2i1.19 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2021); 01-01 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/19/35 10.54393/tt.v2i1.19.g35 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/20 2023-01-11T16:39:34Z tt:G.Edt driver

Virtual Reality in Stroke Patients Rana, Arif Ali Nowadays video games are very useful in rehabilitation for stroke patients as they keep engaged in exercise and enhance motivation. Virtual reality is a technology that involves changing the original globe by artificial or manufactured one that makes the participant admit that he/she is in another world. It consists of computer-based virtual environments in which people interact and experienced as they are doing in real life. It integrates input devices, software platforms, stereoscopic displays, and motion tracking hardware. In recent studies, therapy that is based on video games is going to be useful in both clinical and research settings. Video games training requires different levels of action from participants that are provided to the subject with multisensory feedback. This training consists of several times repeated goal-oriented tasks with providing an enriched environment that delivers a chance of learning new skills and solving both cognitive and motor tasks. The tool used for video gaming is Xbox Kinect. It is a device that uses infrared camera sensors to perceive subjects’ movements. Video game devices subject can see VR images without the need for a special controller, immediate feedback is provided, and real-time movement is captured. The application of Xbox is clinically investigated in stroke rehabilitation. Different games are used in video gaming activity including Wii Fit, Wii Sports, and Kinect Sports. The main consoles used for these games are Microsoft Xbox with Kinect sensor and Nintendo- Wii. This gaming system engages patients in different sports which include physical activity. Games of different categories are arranged that are performed in different positions like sitting or standing, some may involve the upper limb and some involve the lower limb. Interactive video gaming exercises are considered an innovative technology that appears quite promising for the maintenance of strength and balance training in elderly people instead of stroke patients also. Video gaming exercises have a major role in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from various neurological conditions. These exercises play their role in providing an enjoyable and motivating environment that engages patients for a long time. Nowadays it is considered to be more popular than conventional therapy. Apart from balance and gait training, it is useful in the betterment of functional outcomes. Patients usually get fed up with daily routine activity including conventional physical therapy. There is no adherence of patients which is the main barrier to the schedule of rehabilitation. So, video gaming exercises play their role in engaging patients for a long period. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/20 10.54393/tt.v2i1.20 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2021); 02-02 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/20/36 10.54393/tt.v2i1.20.g36 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/21 2023-01-11T16:39:34Z tt:O.A driver

Diet and Physical Activity Among Gallstone Patients Ahmad, Ayesha Khan, Muhammad Arif Khalid, Sidra Bhatti, Qurat-ul-Ain Yousaf, Riffat Kaleem, Aisha Gallstones disease has become the most common disease now a days. The dietary factor and physical activity plays an important role in the development of gallstones. These were the major risk factor in gallstones. Objective: The aim of the study is to find the linked between dietary habits and physical activity with gallstones Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sir Ganda Ram hospital and Mayo hospital by including 100 patients in 4 months. Mostly the patients were above 30 years of age.Results: 56% males and females had more than 200mg/dl of cholesterol level, majority of males and females did not do indoor exercise that was 59%, 63% of males and females walk less than 30 minutes and 55% of males and females did not climb stairs and 72% males and females had sedentary lifestyle. 70% males and females eat outside only on weekend and holidays, 91% males and females eat fatty food and 78% males and females eat junk food and Results of current study 85% males and females eat 1 cup of sweets, 48% males and females take 1 piece of white bread and 95% males and females drinks 1 cup of whole milk Conclusion: Increased cholesterol level and sedentary lifestyle were increasing the incidence of the gallstones. Refined foods, junk foods and fried foods replaced healthy food which was the major cause of gallstones. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/21 10.54393/tt.v2i1.21 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2021); 18-22 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/21/40 10.54393/tt.v2i1.21.g40 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/22 2022-04-08T20:13:49Z tt:O.A driver

The Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on the Sporting Performance of Female Players Ahmad, Bilal Zahra, Syeda Maryam Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is perhaps the most widely recognized endocrine issues in females of reproductive age, influencing up to 20% of individuals of this populace. Many recent studies indicate that testosterone, which can increase muscle mass and strength, stimulates erythropoiesis, promotes competitive behavior, and enhances sporting performance of female athletes. Methods: The comparative study was designed and conducted in which a sample of female athletes (n=40) who had been diagnosed with PCOS by a qualified gynecologist based on clinical features and lab tests. At the same time, a healthy group of female athletes (n=40) was selected from participants of the same population and having regular menses and showing no clinical features of PCOS. The main objectives of the study included: 1) to compare both the groups of female athletes on clinical features of PCOS, and 2) to compare both the groups on self-perceived sports performance. Data was collected from The University of Central Punjab, The University of Lahore, and The University of Lahore College for Women. Data collection was done using two different instruments involving “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ)” and “Athlete’s Subjective Performance Scale (ASPS)”. Data analyses involved descriptive analysis followed by “Independent Sample t test’ to compare the physical and psychological impact of PCOS and ANOVA was applied to analyze the impact of PCOS on sports performance. Results: There were significant differences between female athletes with PCOS and those with Non-PCOS on physical and psychological conditions. Weight issues t (78) =15.104, (p= .000), Body Hair t (78) =25.108, (p= .000), Menstrual Problems t (78) =20.976, (p= .000), Helplessness t (78) =17.775, (p= .000), and Low mood t (78) =8.449, (p= .000). Significance value (p = .000), which is below 0.05 and, therefore, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean sporting performance. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that female athletes with PCOS were more concerned about their physical and psychological conditions. Moreover, their sporting performance was statistically significantly higher than Non-PCOS athletes, which is attributed to higher energy level caused by PCOS itself. Future research must focus on measuring energy level of female athletes with PCOS and Non-PCOS. CrossLinks International Publishers 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/22 10.54393/tt.v1i2.22 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); Volume 01 Issue 02; 26-30 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/22/44 10.54393/tt.v1i2.22.g44 Copyright (c) 2020 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/23 2023-01-11T16:39:34Z tt:O.A driver

Assessment of Service Quality of public Physical therapy practice based on SERVQUAL model Aziz, Sadia Bhatti, Aziz Ullah Malik, Tariq Yusuf, Zeshan Quality has become a major determinant in both the industrial and service sectors in order to maximize returns on investments while also contributing significantly to cost reduction. Healthcare, like other service industries, has become a highly contested and rapidly increasing service industry around the world. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the functional quality of services provided in the hospital departments of physical therapy in public sector. Methods: The study design was Cross Section Survey. The patients were interviewed through non-probability convenience sampling technique. The respondents were contacted in public hospital in Bahawalpur. The content of questionnaire was validated through literature and SPSS version 16.0 was used for data analysis. The results were extracted by determining patient satisfaction through patient perception and expectation gap, conclusion was drawn, suggestions and recommendations were made. Results: A total of 101 patients, among which 60 patients were male (59 %) and 41 patients were female (40%) were studied. 55 patients (54%) aged 20 to 35 years, 46 patients (45%) aged 31 to 60 years old. Maximum and minimum mean values of expectation are 3.79 in appearance and 2.71 in brochure respectively. The overall quality expectation mean is 3.25.  Maximum and minimum mean values of perception are 4.29 in exceed and 1.94 in brochure respectively. The overall quality perception mean is 3.8. Conclusions: The present study concluded that patients' perception was satisfied with the physiotherapy services rendered to them. The highest level of patients’ perception was the reliability, followed by assurance, responsiveness, accessibility/affordability, tangibility, and the lowest patients ‘perception was the empathy dimension. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/23 10.54393/tt.v2i1.23 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2021); 32-36 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/23/41 10.54393/tt.v2i1.23.g41 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/24 2023-01-11T16:38:43Z tt:Edt. driver

Exergaming and Treadmill Training in Stroke Patients Tanveer, Fahad Quadriceps angle, patello-femoral pain, anterior knee pain , isometric contractions Treadmill training is nowadays considered more efficient in improving balance and mobility rather than simply walking on an even surface. In patients with chronic stroke, changes in cortico-motor excitability are induced to improve balance and gait performance. There is simple treadmill training that can enhance and motivate patients to walk but treadmill training with body support is safer and more comfortable for patients. In one study the effect of treadmill therapy with the optic flow on balance control and gait training helps the patients of stroke in regaining functional independence in the community. Outcome measures were used that were Time Up and Go test, Functional Reach Test (FRT), 10-minute walk test, and 6- minute walk test. It proved a better result for patients with chronic stroke [1]. Apart from gait training, treadmill training may be able to help in balance dysfunction in most individuals who have to complain of stroke [2]. It enhances the balance and mobility skills of chronic stroke patients. Treadmill training motivates the subject to give better physical performance after stroke. Exercise video games are an innovative idea not commonly used in Pakistan for stroke rehabilitation. Both these techniques are used to enhance motivation and self-confidence in walking and maintaining balance. It keeps the subject engaged in physical therapy sessions for a long time after stroke. Thus, video games and treadmill training are used in various clinical settings for stroke rehabilitation. A combination of both these techniques would help decrease balance and mobility impairments through effective use of Exergaming and Treadmill training in patients suffering from a stroke in the chronic phase. This study would help the therapists across the locality to enlist a better management approach to treat subjects with chronic stroke. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/24 10.54393/tt.v2i2.24 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 01-01 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/24/32 10.54393/tt.v2i2.24.g32 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Physical Therapy and Migraines Arooj, Ayesha Migraine physical therapy headache Migraine is a most common type of headache that has been seen in almost every age group. This is the chemical imbalance within the brain causing substantial disability and pain. It is usually a pulsating sensation or a throbbing pain at one side of head. The main symptoms of migraine headache along with pain are nausea, vomiting, photosensitivity and extreme sensitivity to sounds. Lethargy in the body and tightness in the muscles around the head has also been seen. It involves almost 4 stages including prodrome, aura, migraine and postdrome lasting from one day to sometimes a week. But this is more common for one or two days. Dehydration, direct sunlight, skipping meals, hunger and stress sometimes may aggravate the migraines. Stress induced migraines are of extreme importance as it affects the muscles such as trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae and facial muscles due to pressure hypersensitivity. This is a neurological disorder but physical therapy may help in population with migraine. Some techniques could be quite useful such as: Soft tissue release Posterior-anterior cervical joints mobilization Upper cervical spine manipulation Needling therapy in the affected muscles Therapeutic exercises Soft tissue release technique may involve myofacsial trigger points release in the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles as these get the tightness allover. Manual stroking by addressing the muscles and stroking away the trigger point from the center. Tender point release has also its utmost importance for releasing the migraines. Interestingly, by releasing the muscles over temporomandibular joint can reduce the migraine pain Posterior-anterior approach for upper cervical mobilization should be used for C1-C3. In this approach the thumbs of therapist glide over the zygophageal joints posterior-anteriorly. Upper cervical spine manipulations is applied by localizing the target area in the rotation position and then perform a low amplitude and high velocity thrust towards the contralateral eye of the patient. Spinal mobilization and manipulation actually targets the musculoskeletal disorders caused by the migraines. It directly cannot lessen the migraine but may aid to reduce it by relaxing the muscles.   Therapeutic exercise may affect the pain positively by releasing the pressure such as cervical flexion; side bending and lateral flexion are some of the types of cervical isometrics may help to lessen the pain. This basically targets the deep neck muscles that can only be approached through therapeutic exercises. These fore mentioned techniques may help to reduce the migraine pains. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/25 10.54393/tt.v2i2.25 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 02-02 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/25/21 10.54393/tt.v2i2.25.g21 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Effects of Ankle Pumping Exercises on Limb Edema in Critically ill Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Gul, Humna Fatima, Arooj Ahmad, Ashfaq Gilani, Syed Amir Acute respiratory distress syndrome; mobility therapy; physiotherapy treatment Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an acute respiratory disease in which the respiratory activity of the lungs is compromised due to secretion of fluid in the alveoli of lungs and thus depriving the blood stream with optimal oxygen supply. Objective: To determine the effects of ankle pumping exercises on limb edema in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome Methods: A sample of 67 patients was selected by using non-probability convenient sampling from different hospital settings. Ventilated patients or those having endotracheal tube, age between 40-65 years, and either gender were included in the study. Results:   The effect of Range of Motion (ROM) on ARDS patients was as high as 91 %. There were 61(91.0) responders who experienced edema reduced by ankle pumping 54(80.6) found prone position and 13(19.4) found supine position effective 53(79.1) having resonant sound and 14(20.9) with hyper stony dullness 24(35.8) person having added sound and 43(64.2) crepitus sound in this study. In this study, 20 out of 67 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) developed acute onset of severe dyspnea, hypoxemia, and cyanosis and decreased respiratory system compliance, despite supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Edema had been reduced by ankle pumping in 61 subjects. Conclusions:  Patients with ARDS report improvement in symptoms with physiotherapy treatment, ROM exercises had remarkable effects on such patients. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/26 10.54393/tt.v2i2.26 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 15-18 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/26/29 10.54393/tt.v2i2.26.g29 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Assessment of Postural Changes Among School-Going Children Due to Heavy Backpacks in Lahore Jameel, Waleed Batool, Sana Ashraf, Hafiza Sana Sohail, Maria Manglani, Neha Safdar, Zainab Posture, School Bags, Heavy bags, Load, Heavy backpacks, Musculoskeletal Posture is a matter a big concern. Because of increased workload the weight of school bags is also increasing day by day. The weight of bags with heavy books can develop many spinal deformities in young children. Objective: To assess the postural changes happening in school going kids because of heavy backpacks. Method: It is a cross sectional study and was conducted on different schools in Lahore, within the time period of three months from 1st November 2019 to 1st February 2020. The sample size was 145 and the survey followed convenient sampling technique. Children per inclusion criteria were selected from different government schools to collect data and informed consent was taken before data collection. REEDCO scale was used to examine the postural disturbance. Results: Results showed head posture as 3.4% poor & 13.1% fair, neck posture as 6.2% poor & 16.6% fair, shoulder posture as 5.5% poor & 15.2% fair, upper back posture as 3.4% poor & 38.6% fair, trunk posture as 10.3% poor & 46.2% fair, abdominal posture as 5.5% poor & 14.5% fair, hip posture as 0.7% poor & 5.5% fair and the ankle posture as 1.4% poor & 26.9% fair. Conclusion: This study concluded a significantly frequent postural problems in trunk region because of carrying heavy loaded school backpacks which is neither good in present time nor in future, as with the passage of time, postural changes become irreversible. Along with that, hip region prominently perceived least postural changes according to current study. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/27 10.54393/tt.v2i2.27 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 24-28 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/27/31 10.54393/tt.v2i2.27.g31 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Cardiovascular Fitness Assessment through 3 Minutes Step Test in Adults of Lahore during COVID-19 Pandemic Raza, Ali Sajjad, Sajjad Ali Rana, Arif Ali Ijaz, Arshia Asif, Muhammad Zulfiqar, Abdullah COVID-19, Pandemic, Aerobic Capacity, Cardiac Fitness, Middle-Aged At the end of the year, 2019 world witnessed a disease, which is still affecting the world, this disease was named Corona Virus Disease -19 (COVID-19). It is a highly infectious disease that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. Objective: To find out the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiac fitness of young and middle-aged adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at ON-Campus Physiotherapy Clinic at University of Management and Technology, Lahore. Convenient sampling was used. The sample size was 437. Healthy participants from both genders aging 17-45 years were recruited in the study. A self-designed questionnaire validated through a pilot study was used to record the data. Three minutes step test was performed and pre and post-test Cardiac rate were recorded. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows was used to record and analyze all data. Results: Results showed that the female participants were 271 (59.7%) while males were 176(41.3%), young adults proportion was 76% while middle-aged adults was 24%.The overall results of the post-test 3-minutes step test show that a majority of the population30.7 % (n=134) had excellent cardiac rate, a good proportion of the sample had the same value for  Good and above-average cardiac rates (f=22.4 %,  n= 98)  while fewer number participants fall in rest of the categories such as average, below average, poor and very poor ( 12. %, 7.1%, 3.0 %, 2.3 %) respectively. Conclusions: The study concluded that the overall cardiac capacity of young and older adults is not affected by the pandemic but the females have a better cardiac condition as compared to men. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/28 10.54393/tt.v2i2.28 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 19-23 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/28/30 10.54393/tt.v2i2.28.g30 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Roll of Stem Cell Therapy in Osteoarthritis Eshan, Kashifa diet nutrition Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most prevalent type of degenerative joint disease. It is a painful, long-lasting disorder that can affect any synovial joint. Over the future decades, diseases would impose a significant socioeconomic burden on society as a result of an ageing population and rising disease prevalence [1]. The fact that there are few OA therapy choices complicates this situation. Since neither pharmacological nor non-operative treatments have shown to be effective in slowing or stopping the progression of disease, treatment is limited to managing aggravating variables over the long term and managing pain. When mechanical deformity is evident, surgical alternatives such as osteotomies are available to improve alignment and reduce the risk of OA; however, these operations are of limited effect once severe degenerative changes have occurred [2]. Despite improvements in these techniques, they cannot be used to treat more severe joint degeneration brought on by OA. The hunt for disease-modifying remedies goes on in the lack of successful tactics. For degenerative musculoskeletal disorders like OA, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recommended as the best restorative cellular treatment. These cells can quickly multiply and differentiate into musculoskeletal lineages like bone and cartilage. They can be found in a range of tissues [3]. A large body of research has also shown that these cells control crucial immunologic processes by modifying the local inflammatory response. Together, these elements lend credence to MSCs' potential to prevent degenerative joint disease. Due to the fact that this cytotype can be found in a wide variety of tissues, research has concentrated on identifying the best source for MSC generation [4]. Thus, MSC-based therapeutic approaches can be employed to treat OA as a standard treatment plan in near future CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/29 10.54393/tt.v3i1.29 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 02-02 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/29/54 10.54393/tt.v3i1.29.g54 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Evaluation of the Causes of Abdominal Right Upper Quadrant Pain using Ultrasound: Abdominal Right Upper Quadrant Pain using Ultrasound Aftab Ahmed, Aiman John, Akash Ali, Abid Mehar, M. Abdullah Fatima Rizvi, Syeda Tatheer Ultrasonography, RUQ, Pain, Abdomen, Fatty liver The outermost upper quadrant at the right side of the abdomen is right upper quadrant, also acknowledged as epigastrium. Objective: To evaluate of the causes of abdominal right upper quadrant pain using ultrasound. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at private medical setup of Gujranwala, Pakistan from January 2022 to March 2022. The information required for this study was collected by using ultrasound equipment TOSHIBA XARIO 100 having probe frequency of 3.5Hz. A sample size of 70 patients was considered having abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Highest frequency of RUQ pain was shown in more than 45 years in females 47 (67.1%). The most common diagnosis of patients with RUQ pain was fatty liver disease 27 (38.6%) followed by Cholelithiasis 11(15.7%). Conclusion: Ultrasound is the gold standard modality for diagnosing abdominal organs diseases as it is a cheap, non-invasive and fast modality. Most common diseases diagnosing in patients with RUQ pain is fatty liver (38.6%) in old females (67.1 %). CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/30 10.54393/tt.v3i1.30 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 03-06 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/30/45 10.54393/tt.v3i1.30.g45 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Female players Zahra, Syeda Maryam Ahmed, Bilal Polycystic ovary syndrome, Performance, Sport, Females, Players P Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is quiet common gynecological disorders in recent times and has affected adversely the population. It causes infertility among females by disturbing the ovulatory process during menstruation. It impairs the female endocrine system and causes an increased level of male hormones. It has multiple etiologies such as genetic, environmental, life style but the pathogenesis is not clear. Molecular pathways and key players involved are yet ambiguous. It is polygenic with multiple etiologies and multiple symptoms. PCOS arise during puberty and a marked feature is insulin resistance. Awareness regarding PCOS among females is very less and they are unaware mostly about this condition. More researches are required for awareness regarding management of PCOS through life style modification such as diet, physical activity. Diagnosis and treatment should also be done timely at an early phase. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/31 10.54393/tt.v2i2.31 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 29-32 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/31/34 10.54393/tt.v2i2.31.g34 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Q Angle: Effects of Isometric Quadriceps Contractions and Body Position: Q Angle: Effects of Isometric Quadriceps Contractions Arooj, Kashaf Sharif, Faiza Ahmad, Ashfaq Amir Gilani, Syed Quadriceps angle, patello-femoral pain, anterior knee pain , isometric contractions Quadriceps angle or Q angle is quadriceps femoris angle and also called extensor muscle angle. It is formed from anterior superior iliac spine to the patellar center and from center of patella to tibial tuberosity. Q angle is linked many knee disorders like patella-femoral pain and varied in male and females. Objective: To evaluate the effect of change in anatomic positions like lateral deviation of tibia, tibial tuberosity and hyper-extended knee on the Q angle value Methods: Study is cross sectional in nature, randomized control trial adopted to select the healthy subjects without any recent and past knee injury. Ninety patients including 55 females and 35 males were chosen randomly. Q angle were measured goniometrically with contracted and relaxed state of quadriceps in both supine and standing position Results: The results shows that females have higher Q angle than male students and while during contracted state as compared to relaxed position. Q angle is greater in supine position than in standing position Conclusions: Females have higher Q angle and has more chances of knee injuries as compared to men. Different foot positions also affect the value of Q angle in supine and standing as well. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/32 10.54393/tt.v2i2.32 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2021: Volume 02 Issue 02 (July-December 2021); 08-14 2790-7414 2790-7406 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/32/33 10.54393/tt.v2i2.32.g33 Copyright (c) 2021 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Measurement of Uterus Sizes Of Multiparous Women using Ultrasound: Uterus Sizes Of Multiparous Women using Ultrasound Fatima, Nayab John, Akash Ali, Abid Amir, Arshia Mubbarka, Maryam Uterus, Multiparous, Ultrasound, Pregnancy Human uterus is a pear-shaped fibromuscular organ. The measurements of a typical uterus are 7.6x4. 5x3cm. The uterus grows slowly during fetal life until the end of the first trimester when it grows at a higher rate due to increased maternal oestrogen production. As a result of this continuation of the maternal oestrogen the uterus shrinks immediately after delivery. Objective: To evaluate uterus size in multiparous women using ultrasound. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at private sector hospital of Gujrat over 4 months period from December 2021 to March 2022. The sample size was 41 calculated via a convenient sampling approach from previously published studies. Multiparous women following ultrasound examination during the study period were included after receiving informed consent. The patients’ demographic statistics were collected on a specially designed data collecting sheet. The data was analyzed using the SSPS V20 program. Results: The average length was 7.9±1.15, width was 4.3±0.77, and thickness 3.5±0.66. There was no significant correlation between uterine size (length, width, thickness) and many parities because the value in the "Sig. (2-tailed)" is 0.607, 0.640, and 0.983 respectively which is more than 0.05.Conclusion: The current study found no correlation between the number of parities and the length, width, and thickness diameters of the uterus. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/33 10.54393/tt.v3i1.33 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 07-10 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/33/46 10.54393/tt.v3i1.33.g46 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Evaluation of Hydrocephalus and its Types on Computed Tomography: Hydrocephalus and its Types on Computed Tomography Sharif Bhatti, Amina John, Akash Ali, Abid Nasir, Urwa Ashfaq, Nayyar Akram, Mahnoor Hydrocephalus is the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. The extra fluid exerts pressure on the brain. It can be due to genetic issues, Head trauma, infection, stroke, tumors, and bleeding in the brain. Objective: To evaluate hydrocephalus and its type on Computed Tomography. Methods: The study was conducted in a Govt sector tertiary care hospital of tehsil Kharian,  district Gujrat, Pakistan. The data was collected from December 2021 to March 2022 using convenient sampling technique. A sample size of 70 patients was considered as per convenience. The patients of hydrocephalus who undergo brain scan plain were included.  The data was collected after informed consent. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: This study revealed that females 40(57.1%) were more likely to have hydrocephalus than males 30(42.9%). The common age group having hydrocephalus was 1-10years 23(32.9%). The most frequent finding evaluated was non-communicating hydrocephalus 36(51.4%). The most common effects in hydrocephalus was congenital dilatation of the third ventricle and two lateral ventricles 40(57.1%). Conclusion: In conclusion, CT is the best modality for diagnosing hydrocephalus in children as well as in elders. CT is a useful imaging method for visualizing congenital hydrocephalus. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/34 10.54393/tt.v3i1.34 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 11-14 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/34/47 10.54393/tt.v3i1.34.g47 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Prevalence of Trigger Finger among Instrumental Musicians of Lahore, Pakistan: Prevalence of Trigger Finger among Instrumental Musicians Amjad, Fareeha Asif, Mahzaib Mustansar Billah, Alishba Trigger finger, Instrumental Musicians, Frequency Trigger finger is also known as stenosing tenosynovitis. It is a troublesome anomaly that is experienced by most of the musicians and is characterized by catching, popping and locking of the affected finger/fingers. The causes of this anomaly are repetitive hand movements and holding heavy musical instruments. Objective: the basic aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of trigger finger in instrumental musicians. Methods: A cross sectional study design and convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. A data of 320 musicians was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, who were lying in the inclusion criteria of the study. Results: In this study the results concluded that the frequency of trigger finger in instrumental musicians is 2.2%. Total 320 instrumental musicians participated in the study and out of it 292 (91.3%) were male and 28 (8.8%) were female. Minimum age was 20 and maximum age was 59 years. 283 (88.4%) were in the age range from 20-29, 25 (7.8%) participants were in the age range of 30-39 years, 10 (3.1%) participants were in the range of 40-49 years and 2 (0-6%) participants were in the range of 50-59 years. Conclusion: The present study concluded that frequency of trigger finger in musicians was very low as 2.2%. The study also determined that occurrence of trigger finger in musicians relies on repetitive hand movements and holding heavy musical instruments. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/35 10.54393/tt.v3i1.35 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 15-18 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/35/48 10.54393/tt.v3i1.35.g48 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Comparison of Effectiveness of Muscle energy Technique with Strain Counter Strain Technique on the Patients of Non-Specific Neck Pain: Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique with Strain Counter Strain Process Ameer , Taimoor Ghaffar, Noman Ahmed Zahoor, Idrees Ali Rana, Arif Ahmad , Irfan Azam, Humaira Muscle energy technique, Nonspecific Neck Pain, Strain Counter Strain Non-specific neck pain is a condition which is diagnosed through symptoms when serious and objective cervical spinal pathology (e.g., trauma, malignancy, radiculopathy, etc.) has been ruled out. Many studies have done previously for both techniques, muscle energy technique and strain-counter strain technique, for treatment of patients with non-specific neck pain Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique with Strain Counter- Strain Technique in patients with non-specific neck pain Methods: Single blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. The assessor was blinded from the allocation in the groups. Forty Patients were included in the study divided into two groups; each group received one technique. They were followed for Seven sessions. Questionnaire including visual analogue scale, NDI were used to collect pre-treatment and post- treatment data. Data was analyzed by using SPSS ver. 21. Independent sample t test was applied to compare means of patients Results: Neck flexion of the Patients pretreatment Mean Group 1:24.6500, Group2:23.0500. Neck Flexion of the patient after treatment Mean Group 1(SCS) 32.0500 Group 2(MET) 40.0000 Neck Extension of the Patient pretreatment Mean Group 1: 33.8500 Group 2:  30.6500. Neck extension of the patients. Post treatment Mean SCS 41.5000 MET53. 2500.The given results and detailed results given in the table shows that both techniques are improving ROM, but MET are more effective than SCS. p value is 0.001 which is significant Conclusion: This study concluded that Muscle Energy Technique is better in reducing pain as compared to Strain Counter Strain Technique CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/36 10.54393/tt.v3i1.36 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 19-23 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/36/49 10.54393/tt.v3i1.36.g49 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence among married females in Sialkot Pakistan: Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence among married females in Sialkot Pakistan Amanat Ali, Misbah Naeem, Laiba Asif, Roha Imran, Komal Noor, Momna Hafeez, Mahrukh Urinary Incontinence, physical activity, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-UI), females Impairment in the pelvic floor muscles and nerves that control the continence of urine can occur due to various conditions in the women, which may affect the lifestyle of women. Objective: To find the prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in married females in Sialkot. Methods: This observational study was conducted at public and private settings of Sialkot in six months after ethical approval. A sample of 100 married females was targeted through non-probability convenient sampling. ICIQ-UI (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire) short form questionnaire was used to collect the data. Middle aged women (35-55Years) were included, while unmarried females, pregnant females, females with any history of spinal cord injury and other comorbid conditions were excluded. Results are expressed as frequencies and percentages using IBM Software SPSS Version 20.0. Results: Mean age± SD of the participants was 38.4±6.615 years. While calculating the amount of urine leaking; 16% (n=16) had none, 57% (n=57) had a small amount, 25% (n=25) had a moderate amount and 2% (n=2) had a large amount. Similarly, interference with everyday life due to leaking urine was found in 79% (n=79) mild to moderate, 16% (n=16) not at all interferes and 5% (n=5) were greatly interfered. Mean ICIQ-UI score± SD was 9.53±0.36 ranging from 0-11. Most of the women reported urine leakage in a small amount, once a day effecting mild to moderately their daily livings usually due to coughing, sneezing or physical activity Conclusions: Most of the females have episodic urinary incontinence mostly associated with cough, sneeze and physical activity. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/37 10.54393/tt.v3i1.37 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 24-27 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/37/50 10.54393/tt.v3i1.37.g50 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/38 2023-01-11T16:37:43Z tt:SR driver

Forward Head Posture in Young Adults: A Systematic Review: Forward Head Posture in Young Adults Arooj, Ayesha Aziz, Aamir Khalid, Fariha Hussain Iqbal, Muhammad Binte Ashfaq, Huda Muscle Spasm, forward head posture, neck pain, cervical pain A recent study shows that almost 78% of population have its neck in working position within 24 hours causing continuous stress on neck and shoulders which is forcing the neck in anterior or forward head posture. This may lead to upper back tightness and muscle spasm causing nagging to sharp pain. Hence, cervical pain and neck pain getting more attention. This study is designed to narratively review the prevalence of forward head posture in young adults Methods: A structured search on literature was done through various electronic and print data bases such as: Pubmed, cinhal, google scholar, science direct, cochrane library and scopus. Those studies were included in which age ranged from 20 to 45 years. Young adults from any profession were included. Those studies were excluded in which forward head posture was reported due to any systemic issue Results: A total of 120 studies had gone through in which 65 studies were short listed and on further review only 4 studies were included as they fit in proper methodology and hence, reviewed and reported. Studies reported a considerable variation in the prevalence with the clear greater incidence Conclusions: Forward head posture is a commonly seen disorder among young adults. Investigations and interventions in time along with knowledge of postural correction can deal with this raising problem. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/38 10.54393/tt.v3i1.38 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 32-35 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/38/52 10.54393/tt.v3i1.38.g52 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/39 2023-01-11T16:37:43Z tt:O.A driver

Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Asif , Tania Ali Rana, Arif Ahmed Zahoor, Idrees Ghaffar, Noman Ahmad, Irfan Idrees, Qasim Quality of life (QOL), Osteoarthritis, Knee Joint Osteoarthritis is a joint degenerative disease. Old age is the usual cause of knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis affects quality of life (physical, social and psychological) of patient and can cause other health related problems. Most people who undergo knee osteoarthritis have serious consequences, which affect their quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in patient by knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This was a cross sectional study that was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan in 2017. The sample size of 192 was taken with the age range of 30 to 70 years. SF-36 V2 extracted questionnaire was used to find out the quality of life in patients by knee osteoarthritis. People were asked about the effect of knee osteoarthritis on their physical, social and psychological health and result was calculated. Results: Quality of life was seen in 192 individuals having knee osteoarthritis with mean age of 47.66 years (range from 30 to 70). A strong impact of osteoarthritis was found on quality of life of such patients. Physical health limitation was found to be 59.9% and psychological impact was 49.5%. Conclusion: It was concluded that people with knee osteoarthritis had poor quality of life. Their physical, social and psychological health was compromised to a healthy individual. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/39 10.54393/tt.v3i1.39 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 28-31 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/39/51 10.54393/tt.v3i1.39.g51 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/40 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Effect of Posteroanterior Lumber Spine Mobilization Versus McKenzie Prone Push Ups on Pain and Functional Disability in Subjects with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Posteroanterior Lumber Spine Mobilization Versus McKenzie Ali , Saman Ahmed Zahoor , Idrees Ghaffar, Noman Ali Rana , Arif Ahmad, Irfan Idrees , Qasim Non-specific Low Back Pain, Posteroanterior, Spinal Mobilizations, Prone Push-up 85% of the population has non-specific back pain. Posteroanterior (PA) lumbar mobilization and Push-up exercises are primarily used in physical therapy for back pain. Objective: To know the outcomes of posteroanterior spinal mobilization and prone push-ups on nonspecific lower back pain. Methods: The randomized clinical trial was done with 30 subjects meeting inclusion criteria and were randomly selected by non-probability/purposive sampling technique from the Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Hospital Lahore. The 4 weeks study was conducted in which 2 groups with 15 in each group were formed. Group I was treated with PA lumbar glide while group II was treated with prone Push-ups. VAS and functional disability index were used to evaluate pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results: A significant decrease in mean pain score was noted in both groups. Results did not show any statistically significant differences between groups for any parameter. The study has given evidence that supports the use of posteroanterior mobilization and prone push-ups to reduce pain, improve range of movement, and disability reduction in patients with nonspecific low back pain. It also showed that posteroanterior mobilization was more beneficial than prone Push-ups. Conclusion: Both PA mobilization and Push-ups can be used as effective maneuvers for the treant of non-specific low back pain CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/40 10.54393/tt.v4i1.40 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 07-10 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/40/65 10.54393/tt.v4i1.40.g65 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/41 2023-01-11T16:37:43Z tt:Edt. driver

Effectiveness of Physical Therapy in Rehabilitation of Muscular Dystrophy (MD) Patients Akram Tariq, Muhammad A category of hereditary genetic diseases known as muscular dystrophies (MD) gradually weaken the muscles, resulting in a growing degree of impairment. Since MD is a progressive disorder, it deteriorates over time. Before impacting the muscles more broadly, it frequently starts by affecting a specific group of muscles. Some forms of MD eventually impair the heart or the respiratory muscles, which makes the condition potentially fatal. Although there is no known treatment for MD, many of its symptoms can be managed with it. MD is brought on by modifications (mutations) in the genes in charge of a person's muscles' composition and functionality. The muscle fibres undergo alterations as a result of the mutations, which obstruct the muscles' capacity to work. This results in growing handicap over time. A person's parents frequently pass on the mutations to their offspring. Your doctor may recommend genetic testing and counselling if there is a family history of MD in order to assess your risk of contracting the illness or passing it on to a child and to go over your alternatives. There are numerous varieties of MD, and each has relatively unique symptoms. Many do not have an impact on life expectancy, and not all types result in severe disability. Among the more prevalent forms of MD are: One of the most prevalent and severe kinds is Duchenne MD, which often affects boys in their early years and has a life expectancy of only 20 to 30 years. Myotonic dystrophy is a type of MD that can appear at any age. Although it does not usually limit life expectancy, those with a severe form of the disease may do so. Facioscapulohumeral MD is a slow-progressing, mostly non-life-threatening kind of MD that can occur in both childhood and adults. Closely linked to Duchenne MD, Becker MD develops later in childhood, is less severe, and often has less of an impact on life expectancy. limb-girdle MD is a set of illnesses that typically appear in late adolescence or early adulthood, some varieties can advance swiftly and pose a serious threat to life, while others proceed more slowly. Oculopharyngeal MD is a kind of MD that often does not shorten life expectancy until a person is between the ages of 50 and 60. Emery-Dreifuss MD is a kind of MD that often manifests in childhood or early adulthood, most sufferers will live at least into middle age. The various kinds of MD can be diagnosed using a wide range of techniques. Depending on when symptoms first show, an illness may be diagnosed at a different age. Investigation of any symptoms, discussion of any family history of MD, physical examination, blood tests, electrical tests on the nerves and muscles, and a muscle biopsy (where a small tissue sample is extracted for testing) are all steps in the diagnosis process. Although there is no known cure for MD, there are numerous therapies that can help with any physical issues or limitations that may arise. These can include mobility assistance, physical therapy, and other physical aids, as well as support groups to help with the emotional and practical effects of MD, drugs - such as steroids to boost muscle strength, or ACE inhibitors and beta blockers to manage cardiac problems, or surgery - to correct postural deformities, such as scoliosis. Methods of mending the genetic alterations and harmed muscles linked to MD are the subject of recent research. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/41 10.54393/tt.v3i1.41 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 01 (Jan-June 2022); 01-01 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/41/53 10.54393/tt.v3i1.41.g53 Copyright (c) 2022 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/47 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:O.A driver

Frequency of Back Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients; A Cross Sectional Study: Frequency of Back Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients Fida, Nisha Batool, Sana Javaid, Maham Ahmad, Ashfaq Back Pain, Osteoarthritis, Frequency, Cross Sectional Study Osteoarthritis is one of the major prevalent types of arthritis and knee joint is mostly involved site in geriatric patients in which half of the old patients with ages more than 50 years. It was found that these management strategies were effective in the reduction of pain and disturbance of the function induced by chronic low back pain and osteoarthritis. Therefore, the current study seeks to analyze the frequency of backache mainly in the region of low back is associated with the patients having knee osteoarthritis. Objective: To analyze and investigate the relationship amid back pain and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in order to check frequency of backache in knee osteoarthritis patients. Methods: A self-made questionnaires were distributed among the random population of 500 individuals and categorized them according to age, gender, occupation, body mass index, residence, back pain history, severity of pain and pain persistence. SPSS was used to analyze the results. Results: In this cross-sectional study, Back pain was associated significantly with knee osteoarthritis patients such as 310 (62%) individuals claimed to have backache with knee osteoarthritis (OA) as well. Obesity was also related with backache with 219 individuals suffer from backpain from 281 members. 67 patients had severe pain, 77 patients had mild pain and 150 patients experienced moderate pain. Conclusion: Back pain was found more prevalent (62%) from total collected individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/47 10.54393/tt.v3i02.47 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 02-05 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/47/56 10.54393/tt.v3i02.47.g56 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/49 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:O.A driver

Impact Of Stuttering on Identity Construction in Women: SLP Perspective Ramzan, Farzana Ahmed, Muhammad Saeed, Bareera Yaqoob, Saba Anwar Faridi, Tallat Stuttering, Identity Construction, Women, Speech & Language Pathologist Stuttering is a complex communication disorder characterized by involuntary audible or inaudible stops, repetition, prolongations, blocks, and other symptoms. Objective: To find out the impact of stuttering on identity construction in women through perspective of SLP. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling technique was used. It was conducted through social media platforms or online survey by using a self-designed questionnaire. Duration of the study was four months from March 2022 to June 2022, after the approval of DRC. Sample size was 179 that were taken based on random sampling. Experienced SLPs were included in this study. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS 23 version. Method of statistical were employed which include the descriptive analysis like mean, range, standard deviation, and chi square test. Results: According to the study's findings, stuttering has an impact on every aspect of a woman's life. Results indicated that 90(50.3%) stutters were anxious in speaking in social situations, 66(36.9%) stutters feel difficulty in interpersonal and social interactions, 57(31.8%) stutters had extra, and unnecessary facial movements and 68(38.0%) stutters feel that stuttering is affecting their academics performance. All of these factors suggest that stuttering has a significant impact on a woman's identity. Conclusion: It is concluded from present study that stuttering had negative impact in developing identity in women.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/49 10.54393/tt.v3i02.49 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 25-30 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/49/61 10.54393/tt.v3i02.49.g61 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/50 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Sports Injuries of Head, Neck and Upper Limb among Cricket Players: Musculoskeletal Sports Injuries of Head, Neck and Upper Hussain Umar, Mutahhar Batool, Sana Bano Javaid, Hira Sheraz, Zainab Sports Injuries, Prevalence, Musculoskeletal, Head and Neck, Upper Limb Sports injuries have been reported with growing rate in a quest to identify patterns by which they can be predicted and prevented. Injury investigation in cricket has been started for almost twenty years. Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal sports injuries of head, neck and upper limb among cricket players. Methods: It was a Cross-sectional study. Data were taken from 180 selected cricket players from different cricket academies, clubs of Lahore Pakistan. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and with a self-generated questionnaire. Results: This study showed very low prevalence of head and neck injuries which is 5.6 % and very high prevalence of shoulder injuries are seen in this study which is 77.78 %. Elbow injuries are seen 19.4 % while there is a significant association between type of cricketers and shoulder pain. Conclusions: The prevalence of musculoskeletal sports injuries found very high in shoulder joint, then in elbow joint and then in head and neck which has affected their performance. Study also showed a significant correlation between the type of players and shoulder pain CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/50 10.54393/tt.v3i02.50 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 06-09 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/50/57 10.54393/tt.v3i02.50.g57 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/52 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:Edt. driver

Impact of Exercises on Bone Health of Pre-Menopausal Female Tanveer, Fahad The process of bone resorption and creation, in which osteoclasts destroy old bone and osteoblasts produce new bone, causes the living tissue of bone to continually degrade. Bone is a dynamic tissue that adjusts to the accompanying mechanical forces that are put on it, such as exercise. In order to lower the risk of osteoporosis and resultant fractures during the postmenopausal years, with relative-risk rises, it is crucial to maintain appropriate bone mineral density (BMD) levels throughout the premenopausal years. Pre-menopausal women have been found to have osteopenia and osteoporosis at prevalence rates of 15% and 0.6%, respectively [1]. In addition, it has been found that premenopausal women lose between 0.25 and 1% of their bone mineral density per year [2]. In Pakistan, the long-life expectancy after menopause, multiparity, lack of a calcium-rich diet, vitamin D deficiency, physical inactivity, as well as socio-demographic factors, all contribute to an increase in the prevalence of primary, type II osteoporosis and its associated complications. According to a local survey, it affects postmenopausal women 20-49.3% of the time [3]. Although pre-menopausal women are often unsuitable for pharmaceutical treatment, relying on lifestyle factors is virtually always advised. Exercise, a low-cost, non-pharmacologic intervention that is accessible to the great majority of the population, is one potentially successful lifestyle strategy for accomplishing this aim. During youth, exercise improves bone growth and increases BMD, and it may help older people avoid osteoporosis and fractures. Regular exercise, particularly weight-bearing and high-impact exercises, helps the body build high peak bone mass and may lower the risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures in later life. Regarding femoral neck BMD, high-impact exercise was shown to be most beneficial, and it has also been hypothesized that gains brought on by high-impact exercise are retained after intervention. In healthy pre-menopausal women, high-impact exercise increases the bone mineral density in the upper femur and the lumbar spine. This kind of exercise could be an effective, secure, and affordable strategy to prevent osteoporosis later in life if done regularly. Progressive resistance strength training for the lower limbs is the kind of exercise that have the greatest impact on BMD for the neck of the femur and should be taken into consideration in clinical practice. The multicomponent training exercise programme has been recommended as the most effective intervention for BMD at the spine. Aerobic exercises involving weight bearing and training on vibrating platforms may also improve BMD. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/52 10.54393/tt.v3i02.52 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 01 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/52/55 10.54393/tt.v3i02.52.g55 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/53 2024-01-10T15:59:13Z tt:Edt. driver

The Effects of Smartphones on Child Health Tanveer, Fahad Over the last ten years, technology has advanced significantly, and more people throughout the world have access to smartphones. Because of the increased use of technology, including cellphones, children are leading more sedentary lifestyles. Long-term smartphone usage has sparked further questions about possible changes in spinal posture, continual neck flexion, restrictions on neck motions, and declines in pulmonary function. According to data from the Pew Research Center, the proportion of smartphone users in emerging and developing nations increased quickly from 21% in 2013 to 37% in 2015. By 2020, the numbers are projected to be 6.4 billion smartphone subscribers, or around 70% of the world's population. In the US, 84% of teenagers aged 13 to 19 and 79% of children aged 9 to 12 possess cellphones, and by the time they are 12 years old, they use their smartphones on average for five hours each day [1]. Mobile phones have reportedly become a need for young people and children, according to Pakistani research on cell phone habits among teens in southern Punjab [2]. Due to the rise in smartphone use among kids and teenagers, their musculoskeletal systems are significantly impacted. Obesity, poor posture, and thoracic limitation brought on by muscular imbalances are linked to the decline in fundamental physical fitness. The aforementioned issues often lead to a decline in pulmonary function. Musculoskeletal problems are likely to worsen with time, particularly if users see their cellphones with their heads flexed. Excessive smartphone usage may also affect the cervical angle scan, especially if users don't keep their posture neutral, which might put more strain on the cervical spine. Constant forward neck flexion when using a smartphone causes the lower cervical spine to bend excessively, which is linked to decreased lung function and respiratory muscle power. In terms of psychology, excessive smartphone usage weakens social bonds and increases loneliness, sadness, and social anxiety, leading to mental immaturity, emotional instability, inattentiveness, and lack of self-control in kids. Increased sleep issues are also linked to increased mobile phone use. Despite certain benefits, the increased use of cell phones has raised a lot of concerns over their negative impacts on academic performance, health, and character development. Several health issues are also related to increased smartphone usage in children. To maintain posture, cranio-cervical and improved respiratory function, instruction on optimal smartphone using posture as well as information on the implications of prolonged smartphone usage are required. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/53 10.54393/tt.v4i04.53 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 4 (October-December 2023); 01 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i04 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/53/63 10.54393/tt.v4i1.53.g63 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/56 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:O.A driver

RETRACTED: Comparative Effects of Scapular Mobilization Combined with Glenohumeral Mobilization Versus Glenohumeral Mobilization Alone On Pain, Disability and Quality of Life in Frozen Shoulder: RETRACTED: Pain, Disability and Quality of Life in Frozen Shoulder Khalid, Amna Altaf, Faiza Ajmal, Muhammad Zahid, Hamza Ahmad, Jawad Sajid Khan, Rana Muhammad Scapular and Glenohumeral Mobilization, Adhesive Capsulitis, Frozen Shoulder, Pain, NPRS, SPADI, Quality of Life RETRACTED CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/56 10.54393/tt.v3i02.56 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 10-14 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/56/58 10.54393/tt.v3i02.56.g58 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/58 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:O.A driver

Spiritual Perspectives and Well-Being among Stroke Patients in Rehabilitation Centres of Four Tertiary Care Hospitals of Pakistan: Wellbeing of Stroke Patients in Rehabilitation Centres Suliman, Muhammad Sohail, Muhammad Yaseen, Muhammad Sultan, Amir ., Adnan G. Reed, Pamela Wellbeing of Stroke Patients in Rehabilitation Centres Spiritual wellness acknowledges our search for deeper meaning in life. Spirituality can make it easier to cope with the physical and cognitive consequences of a stroke, as well as with any other illness. Objective: To identify spiritual well-being and perspective of stroke patients and its association. Methods: A total of 420 stroke patients with Epi info sample size calculator were selected from the rehabilitation centres of the tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Abbottabad and Swat. Responses recorded through demographic section as well as reliable and validated Likert type quantitative tools in an analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Of the 420 participants, 164 (39%) were female. The Spiritual Index of Well-being Scale (SIWB) had a mean score of 40.83 out of a possible 60 and the Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) had a mean score of 49.06 out of a possible 60. Spiritual perspectives and well-being were reported to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) with each other and with several of the demographic indices on ANOVA and post hoc tests (Games-Howell). The Pearson association between spiritual perspectives and wellbeing (r) was likewise shown to be positively highly statistically significant (r = 0.530, p < 0.000). Conclusions: The findings of the research complement and justify Reed's theory's theoretical assertions. Spiritual Perspectives and practises serve as a buffer and contribute to the growth of Spiritual Well-being. The inclusion of spiritual health as a component of holistic health during medical interventions has implications.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/58 10.54393/tt.v3i02.58 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 31-35 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/58/62 10.54393/tt.v3i02.58.g62 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/60 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:O.A driver

Knowledge and Compliance Regarding Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSIs) Prevention Among Public and Private Hospital Intensive Care Unit Nurses: Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections Yaseen, Muhammad Suliman, Muhammad ., Adnan Yaseen, Mahnoor Ali, Sardar Sultan, Amir CLABSI, Compliance, Hospital-Associated infections (HAIs), Prevention CLABSIs are some of the utmost fatal hospital-acquired infections. CLABSIs cost up to $45,000 per infection around the world. CDC reported that in U.S. hospitals around 41,000 preventable CLABSIs occur every year, so the magnitude of the problem could be worse in Pakistan where there are still gaps in documenting the hospital data. Objective: To identify the nurses' knowledge and compliance and their association regarding prevention of CLABSI in public and private sector hospitals of Peshawar. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 140 Nurses working in Intensive Care Units of (LRH & RMI) who had at least one year of experience. Enumerative or census sampling method was used to take the entire eligible ICU nurses as a sample. Data was collected through a validated and pre pilot tested questionnaire and checklist. Results: Around 30% of the nurses had poor knowledge, 43.6% had an average knowledge, 22.1% good knowledge and only 3.6% had an excellent knowledge regarding CLABSIs. The compliance level was found as 83.6%. Very weak positive association was found between knowledge and compliance level of nurses regarding CLABSIs on Pearson Correlation test (r). Conclusions: The results of this study concluded that nurses were not well equipped with the knowledge regarding CLABSIs, while there was a weak positive relationship between knowledge and compliance level among nurses. Therefore, the findings suggest that nurses need to be updated with standard guidelines and training to prevent CLABSIs. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/60 10.54393/tt.v3i02.60 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 15-19 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/60/59 10.54393/tt.v3i02.60.g59 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/61 2023-01-19T14:43:54Z tt:O.A driver

Gender Comparison of Severity of Pain, Stiffness, And Functional Limitation Among Second Stage Knee Osteoarthritis Patients with Diabetes: Gender Comparison of Osteoarthritis Patients with Diabetes Raza Khan, Haroon Ruksar, Safina Haq, Kiran Asif, Somiya Ratan Kumar, Priyanka Sharif, Zarqa Faizan Hamid, Muhammad Muhammad Arslan, Hafiz Rana Gender Comparison of Osteoarthritis Patients with Diabetes Osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two medical conditions that frequently exist together and cause poor consequences. OA is described as joint pain and is one of the main reasons for impairment. Diabetes is high levels of glucose in blood because of disruption in insulin metabolism. Objective: To compare gender variations of severity of pain, stiffness and difficulty in functional performance among patients of second stage knee OA with diabetes. Methods: Data were collected from 360 individuals with mean age 52.32 ± 4.989 years for males and 50.73 ± 4.763 years for females. Individuals with definite osteophytes in knee joint and clinically diagnosed DM were included in the study. The severity of stiffness and functional limitation was calculated using WOMAC questionnaire. Results: The mean of pain score was 9.0833 ± 3.04322, stiffness score was 4.3389 ± 1.12446 and the mean of physical function score was 34.0944 ± 8.65135. Overall, 109 patients had less severe symptoms while 71 had more severe symptoms. Among 180 female participants, n=15 had mild, n=139 had moderate and n=26 had severe pain on NPRS. The mean of the pain score was 9.8778 ± 2.90762. The mean of stiffness score was 4.5167 ± 1.28365 and the mean of physical function score was 37.1611 ± 7.98963. Conclusion: Our findings concluded that the gender difference of severity of pain and physical function limitation was statistically significant, but no significant difference was found in severity of stiffness. Also, females with diabetes had more severe symptoms than males with diabetes CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/61 10.54393/tt.v3i02.61 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2022: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-Dec); 20-24 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v3i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/61/60 10.54393/tt.v3i02.61.g60 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/65 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Challenges Faced by Speech Language Pathologists as Entrepreneurs: A Thematic Analysis: Speech Language Pathologists & Entrepreneurship Jamali, Elaha Kiyani, Humaira Shamim Challenges, Entrepreneurship, Speech Language Pathologists. Speech language pathology is a new profession in Pakistan. With cultural & linguistic variations, SLP entrepreneurship in Pakistan needs to be augmented to reach the needy as well as economic growth of the country, hence challenges need to be identified. Objectives: To determine the challenges faced by Speech Language Pathologists in becoming entrepreneur.  Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad from April 2019 to Sept. 2019. Study recruited N=15 speech language pathologists of both genders, aged 25-50 years, running their own private clinics using purposive sampling. Individual interviews were conducted using interview guide with 11 structured interview questions. Audio recording and note taking methods were used for data collection. Data was transcribed and thematic analysis done manually & verified. Results: Study with a sample of N=15 Speech Language Pathologists mostly 11(73.33%) highly qualified females with most 14(93.33%) with master’s degree & 10(66.67%) with < 10 years’ experience came up with an array of rich data.  Thematic analysis revealed the outcome themes in descending order with a frequency 45 for Infrastructure, 32 for Professionalism, 27 for Recruit, 26 for Inclination, 23 for Unity, 22 for Legislation, 21 for Self-regulation, 20 for Wealth, 17 for Determination, 11 for Optimism & Matriarchy each, 10 for Expertise, 8 for Customers, 8 for Obstacles and 2 for Ethics. Conclusion: The five most common and eminent issues/ themes faced by Speech therapists as an entrepreneur in descending order of their frequency include infrastructure, professionalism, recruit, inclination, & unity. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/65 10.54393/tt.v4i1.65 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 16-20 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/65/67 10.54393/tt.v4i1.65.g67 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/66 2024-01-10T15:59:13Z tt:O.A driver

Role of Motivation in Academic Achievement among Medical Students: Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy : Role of Motivation in Academic Achievement Habib, Atiqa Hanif, Rabia Riaz, Rabia Motivation Academic Achievement Self-Efficacy Medical Students Motivation acts as a major factor in making sound decisions and actions. The following study was conducted to investigate the relationship between motivation and academic achievement among medical students, along with exploring the mediating role of self-efficacy. Objective: To look for the relationship within motivation, academic achievement and self-efficacy among medical students, investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy among motivation and academic achievement and to investigate the role of various demographic factors. Methods: To test the hypothesis, questionnaires used for accessing motivation and academic achievement were SMMS-R and percentages whereas self-efficacy was measured via General Self-efficacy and Academic Self-efficacy scale. The study sample includes females (n=183) and males (n=115) with MBBS student being the inclusion criteria and non-MBBS students set as exclusion criteria where the data were collected through convenience sampling technique and calculated based on G-power. Results: were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 using Pearson Correlation to see the relationship between variables and independent sample t-test to see gender differences. Results showed Academic achievement was positively correlated with the motivation. A significant positive correlation of motivation with General self-efficacy and a strong negative correlation was found between Academic Self-efficacy and strength of motivation among medical students. Conclusions: By using this study, we will be able to understand the role of motivation and self-efficacy on academic achievement among medical students and how it varies across gender.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/66 10.54393/tt.v4i04.66 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 4 (October-December 2023); 08-13 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i04 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/66/109 10.54393/tt.v4i04.66.g109 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/67 2024-07-04T09:50:50Z tt:O.A driver

Frequency of Bruxism among Mayofascial Temporomandibular Pain Disorder Patients: Frequency of Bruxism Shahbaz, Ayesha Mazher, Yamna Shahid, Hassan Asim, Hafiz Muhammad Bruxism Temporomandibular Disorders Jaw Joint Noise Myofascial Pain Joint Dysfunction The connection between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders is complex and not yet well understood. Bruxism is a disorder marked by recurrent jaw movements that result in teeth clenching or grinding. It is frequently regarded as a significant risk factor for temporomandibular problems (TMD). Objective: To determine the frequency of bruxism among myofascial pain disorder in temporomandibular joint patients. Methods: A non-probability convenient sampling strategy was used to conduct a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 179 patients. Questionnaire was based upon the diagnostic criteria of American Academy of Sleep Medicine for bruxism and data were collected from Lahore Medical and Dental College and Ghurki Teaching Trust Hospital Lahore. Results: Out of the 179 patients 94 (52.5 %) reported symptoms of jaw joint noise and the frequency of bruxism in the participants was 106 (59.2 %). Conclusions: The study concluded that bruxism is more frequent in myofascial pain disorder in temporomandibular joint patients CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/67 10.54393/tt.v5i02.67 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2024: Volume 05 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 09-12 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v5i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/67/136 10.54393/tt.v5i02.67.g136 Copyright (c) 2024 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/70 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Frequency of Non-Specific Low Back Pain Among School Going Adolescents in Peshawar: Non-Specific Low Back Pain Among School Going Adolescents Rahman, Naeem Ur Ullah, Qasid Ullah, Naeem Ahmad, Mujahid Nonspecific Low Back Pain, Body Mass Index, Subject Object Assessment Plan, Short Wave Diathermy Nonspecific low back pain is a state which is characterized by discomfort and inflexibility in the lumbo-sacral area without any underlying pathology. NSLBP is taken as non-specific when any mechanical and structural impairment cause is excluded. Initial symptom starts when a person is in the phase of adolescence and further continuous. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of non-specific low back pain in school going adolescents. Methods: Cross sectional study design was used. Total 202 samples were taken through consecutive sampling technique. Study duration was six months. The study setting was different private schools of Hayatabad Peshawar. Students of age 10- to 19-year-old were included in the study. The results were analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Results were shown in the form of tables and graphs. Results: According to the results 108 (53.5%) students reported to have NSLBP. Total 202 subjects were added in study, in which 150 were males and 52 were females. Total 106 participants were between the ages of 10 to 15 years. The remaining 96 students were between the ages of 15 to 19 years. According to Wong-bakers faces pain rating scale 84 participants reported to have non-specific low back pain while 64 participants reported pain for 12 to 24 hours. Students from frontier student’s academy reported to have repeated NSLBP. Conclusion: Nonspecific low back pain is a familiar condition that occurs in school going children and adolescents. Due to heavy back packs, poor posture and prolong setting   CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/70 10.54393/tt.v4i1.70 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 02-06 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/70/64 10.54393/tt.v4i1.70.g64 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/80 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Relationship of Resilience and Anxiety with injury prevention programs in Pakistani Footballers: Relationship of Resilience and Anxiety with Injury Khan, Esa Sadiq, Nouman Fatima , Ameema Deen, Nazar Muneer, Rashida Iftikhar, Saira Kashif, Muhammad Anxiety, Footballer, Injuries, Prevention, Resilience Resilience is a one of the major psychological qualities that enhance an individual’s strength and shield individuals from the adverse effects of diverse situations. Objective: To find out resilience and anxiety in footballers following or not following an injury prevention program. Methods: The study design used for this study was comparative cross-sectional survey, and data were collected from 35 football players. Players who were following or not following an injury prevention program were divided into two groups.  Data for the resilience and anxiety was collected with help of strait trait anxiety questionnaire and Conner-Davidson resilience scale. Results: There was significant difference (p≤0.05) between the two groups for state anxiety in players not following any injury prevention program (44.15±4.71) and players following injury prevention program (39.00±3.77). Between groups comparison for trait anxiety also showed significant difference (p≤0.05) for players not following any injury prevention program (45.30±5.56) and following injury prevention program (40.20±4.21). Between groups comparison also showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in CDRS scores for players not following any injury prevention program (81.65±1.42) and players following injury prevention programs (92.20±1.97). Conclusions: The present study concluded that those players who had less anxiety levels had increased resilience levels while those players who were having increased anxiety had decreased resilience. There was a significant difference between anxiety and resilience levels and the players who were following injury prevention programs had less state and trait anxiety and better resilience CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/80 10.54393/tt.v4i1.80 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 41-45 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/80/72 10.54393/tt.v4i1.80.g72 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/81 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Trapezius Trigger Points in Young Healthy Individuals: Trapezius Trigger Points in Young Healthy Individuals Khalid, Maria Arshad, Hafsah Batool, Fouzia Khawar Kiani, Sania Riaz, Huma Ghafoor Sajjad, Abdul Myofascial Pain Syndromes, Trapezius, Young Adults, Trigger Points MTrPs are labelled as hard, discrete, and palpable nodules in a taut band of skeletal muscle. It can be further divided into 2 forms, if it is spontaneously painful (i.e., active trigger points) or painful only on compression (i.e., latent trigger points). Objectives: To determine the frequency of active and latent trigger points of trapezius in healthy individuals and to find out its association with gender. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted from April 2018-August 2018 after getting approval from the ethical committee of Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences. The sample size was 323 which were selected by non-probability (convenient sampling) technique. Data were collected through self-structured questionnaire which also included trigger points assessment form. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24. Results: The mean age of participants was 23.60±4.6years with 60(19.8%) males and 243(80.2%) females. The trapezius trigger point 2 was found more active on right side (TT2Rt side) in 91(30%) and left side (TT2Lt side) 57(18.8%). While the same was more latent in 75(24.8%) on right side (TT2Rt side) and 86(28.4%) on left side (TT2Rt side) among the participants. There was no significant association between active trigger points and gender (p>0.245), as well as the association between latent trigger point and gender was not significant (p>0.740). Conclusions: The frequency of trapezius trigger point is less in healthy individuals whereas the majority of the young individuals have at least one or two active or latent trigger points. There was no significant association of both active and latent trigger points with gender. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/81 10.54393/tt.v4i1.81 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 36-40 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/81/71 10.54393/tt.v4i1.81.g71 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/82 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Efficacy of Arthroscopic Debridement with Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in Early Medial Joint Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Arthroscopic Debridement with Proximal Fibular Osteotomy Ali Janjua, Faizan Shahab, Muhammad Uddin, Afaq Sajjad Ali, Sayed Zia, Saman Ahmad, Irfan Uddin, Ayaz Arthroscopic Debridement, Osteoarthritis, Proximal Fibular Osteotomy In the USA alone, osteoarthritis affects > 3 billion people, making it the most predominant type of joint disorder. It costs the US more than $185 billion a year and is the primary cause of persistent disability in older persons. The results of our cases will help encourage local health researchers to continue this procedure and review the available resources thereof. Objective: To determine efficacy of arthroscopic debridement with proximal fibular osteotomy in early medial joint osteoarthritis of the knee in patients presented to tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive Case Series was held in the Orthopedic Surgery department, MTI-Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 30 Dec, 2020 to 30 Jun, 2021. Patients with medial knee osteoarthritis were treated by proximal fibular osteotomy combined with arthroscopic debridement. The efficacy of the knee function was evaluated by VAS score, AKSS, and ML ratio at 1 week and 3 months after operation. Results: As per frequencies and percentages for efficacy, 114 (69.1%) patients showed effective results of arthroscopic debridement. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that arthroscopic debridement with proximal fibular osteotomy is an effective procedure in the management of early medial joint osteoarthritis of the knee in terms of improved knee function. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/82 10.54393/tt.v4i1.82 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 31-35 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/82/70 10.54393/tt.v4i1.82.g70 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/83 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:C.S driver

Stuttering’s Effect on Job Efficacy in Five Participants: Stuttering’s Effect on Job Efficacy Rafique, Sehar Noreen, Hafsa Yaqoob, Saba Ehsan, Fazaila Shabnum Noor, Hafiza Zahra, Mariam Stuttering, Job Efficacy, Adult Stutters Stuttering also known as stammering is a speech disorder, in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations. Adults who stutter suffers with many problems at workplace due to speech disfluencies. To evaluate the effect of stuttering on job efficacy. A population both male and female between the age of 30 to 40 years were selected. Data for the stuttering patients were collected from different job places of Lahore. All these stutters were given the consent form. It confirmed their willingness to participate in interview. Interview guide was designed as per the criteria of research questions. Interview guide was evaluated and reviewed by two external members. Interviews were conducted on WhatsApp audio or video call, zoom meetings and face to face, according to the availability and willingness of participants. Interviews were recorded for further analysis. Recorded interviews were transcribed which were further coded, and subthemes were extracted. On the basis of subthemes, themes of the research were decided. Results shows that only those individuals who stutter doing their own business or running their own NGO’s (Non-Governmental organizations) are satisfied with their jobs/works. Individuals doing any kind of job in a private company are not satisfied with their jobs because of stuttering. Case Summary: Stuttering has a negative impact on their job performance and employment. Stuttering made them lose their confidence in front of any stranger, senior or boss. People usually mock them because of stuttering. These issues lead them towards anxiety, complexity and frustration. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/83 10.54393/tt.v4i1.83 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 70-74 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/83/74 10.54393/tt.v4i1.83.g74 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/84 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:SR driver

Effect of Whole-Body Vibration During Chemotherapy in Improving Functional Outcomes of Patients with Malignancies: Effect of Whole-Body Vibration During Chemotherapy Shahid, Wajiha Jameel, Waleed Ahmad, Irfan Ali Aftab, Asad Ali, Mehboob Faiz, Uzma Ilyas, Arooj Attique, Fatima Effect of Whole-Body Vibration During Chemotherapy The use of functional outcome scales to see the effect of whole-body vibration on the patients having malignancies and going through chemotherapy. Objective: To perform a systematic review to see the effects of whole-body vibration on patients having chemotherapy. Methods: Using the specified keywords, a search was conducted in the TRIP, PEDro and PubMed databases. The studies were picked based on their eligibility for evaluation. The articles having full length were included which specified the effect of whole-body vibration technique in the patients having malignancies and going through chemotherapy. Results: According to the exclusion criteria, three publications were included, all related to patients having chemotherapy. Reported were the effects of WBV both in sensory and motor symptoms. Conclusions: It was concluded that by using the whole-body vibrator the debilitating effects of the chemotherapy can be controlled or minimized such as fatigue, weakness and bone loss. It is comparative to high intensity exercises which account behavioral barriers and certain risks CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/84 10.54393/tt.v4i1.84 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 75-79 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/84/76 10.54393/tt.v4i1.84.g76 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/85 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Ascorbic Acid: A Potent Agent for Mitochondrial Damage Repair in H2O2 Treated Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells : Ascorbic Acid: Agent for Mitochondrial Damage Repair Mahmood, Rabia Awan, Sana Javaid Khan, Lahraseb Malik, Sabeen Naeem, Nida Mahmood, Amna Qamar, Laraib Muscle Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Ascorbic Acid, Mitochondrial Damage Bone Marrow Mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have shown an encouraging promise for cell-based treatments and regenerative medicine applications.  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage mitochondria and are detrimental to BMSC cell viability. Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, is a crucial ingredient that is frequently added to culture media as an antioxidant. Its role in the proliferation of BMSCs has already been studied. However, no research has been done on its effects on the ability of BMSC to regenerate mitochondrial damage. Objective: To analyze the recovery of mitochondrial damage by H2O2-induced oxidative stress with Ascorbic Acid. Methods: BMSCs were cultured and treated with H2O2 in order to induce oxidative stress. The injured BMSCs were then treated with vitamin C and their regeneration and recovery from mitochondrial damage is investigated by cell viability assays, ELISA and gene expression profiling. Recovery from oxidative damage is checked through anti-oxidative enzymes. Results: Findings showed that supplementing with vitamin C greatly enhanced cell viability and proliferation. It significantly decreased the BMSC's generation of ROS brought on by H2O2. These results imply that Ascorbic Acid may enhance the rate of proliferation and reduces apoptosis by recovering the mitochondrial damage as evidenced by the down-regulation of BAX. Conclusions: H2O2 when given to BMSC could create oxidative stress which in turn damages these cells as evidenced by their decreased cell viability. Ascorbic acid was also observed to regenerate the cells from H2O2 injury with the help of increased cells’ viability and proliferation and decreased apoptosis. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/85 10.54393/tt.v4i02.85 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 21-26 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/85/86 10.54393/tt.v4i02.85.g86 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/90 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Knowledge and Care Among Mothers Having Children with Cerebral Palsy : Mothers Having Children with Cerebral Palsy Perveen, Saima Ali, Afsar Sarwar, Hajra Knowledge, Care, Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic, non-progressive, and incurable disorder that affects mobility and posture. Objective: To assess the Knowledge and Care among mothers having Children with Cerebral Palsy at Nishter hospital Multan. Methods: A cross sectional study designed was used. A sample of n=85 participants was recruited from Nishtar Hospital Multan Pakistan, through purposive sampling. The knowledge and care questionnaire were used for measurement of knowledge and care among mothers having children with cerebral palsy (CP). Filled questionnaires were entered and analyzed through SPSS version 21. Results: Findings revealed that 71.8% participants had poor knowledge regarding CP, 21.2% had fair knowledge and only 7% of participants had good knowledge regarding CP. Similarly, it was revealed that 50.6% participants had poor care, 41.2% had satisfactory care and only 8.2% were having good care for cerebral palsy children. Conclusions: Majority of the mothers of children with cerebral palsy in this study are unaware of the condition and show no concern for it. Support groups may be developed further to increase care giving' awareness of and concern with CP, which may aid them in finding the most suitable and timely interventions for their charges. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/90 10.54393/tt.v4i1.90 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 25-30 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/90/69 10.54393/tt.v4i1.90.g69 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/91 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Impact of Endurance Exercises on Knocked Knees as a General Health Concern: Impact of Endurance Exercises on Knocked Knees Munzer, Muhammad Khan, Alamgir Jamil, Muhammad Iqbal Butt, Muhammad Zafar Soomro, Javed Ali Basit, Abdul Inamullah, . Ahmad, Adnan Exercise, Knocked Knee, Lower Limb, Unilateral Knocked Knee, Bilateral Knocked Knee Knocked knees are a problem in children and adults, making it challenging to walk or run and causing knee pain. In this problem, the knees gradient inward while the ankles remain spaced apart. Objective: To analyse the impact of endurance exercises on knocked knees as a general health concern. Methods: The study participants were randomly selected from the department of sports science and physical education, University of Punjab, Pakistan. Subjects were categorized as a control group (CG) and an experiential group (EG). Each group was comprised of twenty subjects. All the subjects were informed about the risk and benefits of participation in the study. Thus, written informed consent was taken from each subject. In addition, Ethical approval (293/SPS) was also obtained from the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Results: The mean and standard deviation during the pre-test were 50.60±2.35, and the mean and standard deviation during the post-test was 53.05±2.33. The t value was 1.788, and Sig was .96. Therefore, the table shows no significant difference in CG in knee-knocking before and after training sessions imposed upon EG. The mean and standard deviation of EG during the pre-test was 50.00±2.07, and the mean and standard deviation of EG during the post-test was 58.35±2.20. The t value was 17.376, and Sig was .000. Therefore, there was a significant difference during pre- and post-test EG analysis in knee-knocking. Conclusion: Based on the analysis, the researcher concluded that exercise has a vital role in rehabilitating the knocked knee.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/91 10.54393/tt.v4i02.91 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 42-45 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/91/90 10.54393/tt.v4i02.91.g90 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/97 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Awareness of Dietary Habits and Balanced Lifestyle Among Physical Therapy Students: Awareness of Dietary Habits and Balanced Lifestyle Fauz, Rabia Hani, Umme Batool, Sana Javaid, Maham Obesity, BMI, Dietary Habits Obesity has now-a-days became global epidemic and the fifth leading cause of death. A strong relation has been observed between obesity and mortality among the general population Objective: To observe the nutritional status of the food intake in physical therapy students to make a guideline to modify the dietary habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in January 2022 to June 2022 among the students at Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi. The minimum sample size was calculated as 75. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from the students. IBM SPSS Version-26 was used for data analysis. Results: The average weight and height of the students was 52.8 ± 9.5 SD (kg) and 5.34 ± 0.27 SD (feet). The BMI was measured as (height)2 / weight. The mean BMI calculated was 20.4 ± 3.4 SD. Based on the BMI, the frequency of overweight students was 13 (8.2%) and obese were 2 (1.3%). Remaining 52 (32.9%) were under- weight. The majority of students i.e., 82.2% reported that they eat two to three meals per day. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was least common. Less than one-fourth of the students said that they intake fruits on regularly. Snack consumption other than regular meals was about 21.5% among students. Conclusions: Students were found to have normal weight. The current study indicates that most of the students were well aware and concerned of obesity and over-weight and they tried to maintain their body weight by controlling diet. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/97 10.54393/tt.v4i02.97 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 52-56 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/97/93 10.54393/tt.v4i02.97.g93 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/98 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:Cmntry driver

Causes, Precautions and Management of Risk Factors Associated with Dehydration among Athletes: Risk Factors Associated with Dehydration among Athletes Khan, Alamgir Jamil, Muhammad Ullah, Moheb Ullah, Imran Zubair, Muhammad Saheem, Salman Dehydration, Athletes, Risk Factors, Causes, Precautions, Managemen Adequate intake of water is essential concerning the upkeep of body function. Water also hydrates discs between the vertebrae in the spine and foils tendons, ligaments, and muscles from becoming tight and stiff. Insufficient water intake may cause health problems, such as kidney stones and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women, poor physical and psychological performance, improper salivary gland function, dehydration, etc. This commentary aims to unpin the facts about the causes, precautions, and management of risk factors associated with dehydration among athletes. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that exercise causes sweating and resultant loss of fluids, affecting an athlete physically and psychologically. In addition, previous studies have also demonstrated that dehydration negatively influences performance and causes high body temperature or glycogen use and the consequent reduction in muscle reserves. Likewise, the studies also showed that dehydration caused pain in joints and muscles, slowed the healing rate, and increased the chances of injuries. Based on the conclusion of previous studies, dehydration should be rehabilitated by fulfilling the fluid level in the body by consuming clean water, clear broths, ice pops and sports drinks. In severe conditions, oral rehydration therapy, intravenous (IV), is also suggested. The human body comprises 75% water inside cells, blood vessels and between the cells. Without water, living things cannot survive sufficient intake of water help the body to maintain its functions. Likewise, the body loses water throughout the day, as when we breathe, sweat, urinate, and defecate; the body restocks the water by drinking fluids. The body sometimes leads to a state of dehydration when intake is lower than consumption of the body, which causes headaches, lethargy, and constipation. Dehydration is a common problem concerned with fluid and electrolytes among the elderly. Frequently loss of water causes dehydration. Age-related changes in total body water, thirst perception, renal concentrating ability, and vasopressin effectiveness probably caused dehydration among the elderly. In addition, other health problems such as infection, high-protein tube feedings, cerebral vascular accidents, and medication-related hypodipsia are also associated with ageing and are particularly relevant for elderly patients. Proper patient treatment for dehydration depends upon the water deficiency assessment [1]. Dehydration is a state of the body when the body loses more fluids than intake [2, 3]. Insufficient water intake upsets the balance of minerals such as sugar and salt and thus affects the body's functions. Water makes up over two-thirds of the healthy human body. In addition to sweating, vomiting and diarrhea, diuretics (water pills) can result in increased urination, which causes body dehydration [4, 5]. Dehydration may be categorized into three types: hypotonic (primarily a loss of electrolytes such as sodium potassium chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and bicarbonate are electrolytes in blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge, hypertonic (An imbalance between water and salt in the body it occurs when the body loses too much water while excessive or too much salt is in the fluid outside the cells) and isotonic (there is an equal loss of water and Sodium, commonly caused by vomiting and diarrhea) [6-9]. There are many reasons for dehydration, such as lack of time, avoiding safe drinking water, travelling, hiking or camping. In addition, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, excessive sweating and increased urination [10, 11]. Dry mouth, absence of tears while crying, sunken eyes and cheeks, no wet diapers for three hours etc., are the main signs & symptoms of dehydration. The main signs and symptoms include dry mouth and tongue, no tears when crying, no wet diapers for three hours, sunken eyes and cheeks, a sunken soft spot on top of the skull and littleness' or irritability [11]. Dehydration problem is commonly found among children. Intravenous (IV) therapy and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) are effective ways of treating dehydration [12]. Intravenous (IV) therapy is a method of managing fluids directly into veins. Thus these procedures enable different substances such as water, medication, blood, or nutrients to access the body quickly through the circulatory system [13]. Likewise, ORT is a method of managing fluids for preventing and preventing patients with diarrhea [14]. Likely it involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically Sodium and potassium. A nasogastric tube can also give oral rehydration therapy [15-18]. The nasogastric tube, also called the NG tube, is a medical tube that passes through the patient's nose; thus, for a limited duration, food substances and medications are delivered to the stomach or to draw the implications out [19-21]. The problem of dehydration is also found in players. The dehydration rate is low among the players in badminton despite of moderate sweat rate. Likewise, the badminton players were adequately hydrated during the game, and thus the dehydration attained was low. In addition, badminton did not cause fatigue and significantly increased the prevalence of proteinuria, leukocyturia and erythrocyturia [22]. Proteinuria, also known as albuminuria, is evaluated protein in the urea; it is not a disease that sometimes affects kidneys. A high protein level in urea means that the kidney's glomeruli filter is not working correctly, allowing too much protein to escape into the urine. When the glomeruli are damaged, the condition is called nephritis or glomerulonephritis. Other conditions can lead to nephritis, including hypertension, heart disease and diabetes, as well as different types of kidney disease [23, 24]. Leukocyturia (LU) indicates the presence of leukocytes in urine, and UL may be due to urinary infections or non-infectious factors. In some conditions, such as chronic renal failure, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus, bacteriuria (BU) without LU can be encountered [25]. Erythrocyturia indicates impaired renal function and strongly predicts poor renal outcomes in patients with known renal disease [26]. The problem of dehydration is found among players of aerobic and anaerobic activities [27, 28]. Dehydration negatively impacts cardiovascular stability, and psychological status did not significantly affect anaerobic performance [29, 30]. Muscle cramps are aching, spasmodic, and involuntary skeletal muscle contraction during and after exercise and have no causal metabolic, neurological, or endocrine pathology [31]. Nocturnal or cramps associated with metabolic abnormalities are not considered exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC). In addition, the problem of several types of cramps is considered linked with EAMC [32, 33]. Dehydration caused physical exertion. Change in body mass is associated with the volume and intensity of exercise, and thus, awareness among children about dehydration is also helpful in cognitive and physical performance [34]. Similarly, understanding a balanced diet and promising strategies for health is also essential for athletic performance; likewise, the intake of fluids also influences athletes' performance and recovery [35]. Physical training causes dehydration from consuming fewer water and mislaid through sweating, which affects an athlete physically and psychologically [36]. Exercise causes sweating and resultant loss of fluids, affecting an athlete physically and psychologically. In addition, previous studies have also demonstrated that dehydration negatively influences performance and causes high body temperature or glycogen use and the consequent reduction in muscle reserves [37]. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/98 10.54393/tt.v4i02.98 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023) 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/98/91 10.54393/tt.v4i02.98.g91 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/99 2023-04-01T07:07:47Z tt:O.A driver

Efficacy of Compassion Focused Therapy for Managing Skin Shaming of Acne in Young Women: Compassion Focused Therapy for Managing Skin Shaming of Acne Khan, Adeela Bilal, Ahmad Acne, Compassion Focused Therapy, Efficacy, Follow-up, Skin Shaming due to Acne, Self-Criticism People are socially evaluated from face as ugly/beautiful. So person with acne isolate themselves from social gathering because of fear of stigmatized as unattractive. This social rejection leads them towards skin shaming of acne. Previous studies were not giving much importance to psychological impact of acne; just dermatological treatment was focus of attention. Objectives: To find a short duration but effective therapy to manage skin shaming of acne in young women. To test the efficacy of Compassion Focused Therapy on managing skin shaming of acne in young women. Methods: The research was an experimental study with sample of 64 young women of 18-25 years. 32 young women are allocated to therapy group and 32 women are allocated to control group. Data were collected at three time intervals of pre-therapy, post-therapy and follow-up. SPSS 21.0 version was used for data analysis. Results: Results clearly indicated significant reduction of skin shaming due to acne of young women from pre-therapy to post-therapy and also from pre-therapy to follow up. When therapy group women data compared with control group women data, conforms our objectives of study that that compassion focused therapy is effective and efficient therapy to manage skin shaming of acne in young women. Conclusion: Compassion Focused Therapy is successful therapy to manage skin shaming of acne in young women. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/99 10.54393/tt.v4i1.99 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 46-51 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/99/77 10.54393/tt.v4i1.99.g77 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/101 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Virtual Reality Training Improves Upper Limb Functions in Stroke Survivors: Virtual Reality Training and Upper Limb Function Shahzadi, Namal Ashar Rafi , Muhammad Ishtiaq (Late), Komal Ahmad, Naveed Nawaz Malik, Arshad Rehabilitation, Stroke, Upper Extremity Function, Virtual Reality Training, Xbox Kinect Stroke survivors with upper extremity functional limitation are particularly susceptible to problems in performing independent ADLs. Virtual Reality training has a significant contribution to enhancing the independence of stroke survivors. Objective: To determine the effect of additional VR training on upper limb gross motor function, gross manual dexterity, and functional activities in hemiplegic stroke survivors. Methods: It was a single-group experimental study in which 20 participants were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling. Participants were included in the study if they had any sort of stroke (hemorrhagic or infarct), were between the ages of 30 and 70, had at least one score on the box and block test, and did not have any cognitive deficits or uncontrolled high blood pressure. The intervention was provided three days a week for a total of six weeks. Gross motor function, gross manual dexterity, and functional capacities of the upper limb were measured at baseline, 2nd, 4th and at 6th week of intervention through Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Box and Block Test, and Wolf Motor Assessment Scale respectively. Data were analyzed through within-group inferential analysis using SPSS-21 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.45 ± 11.02 years. The scores of the Fugl-Mayer Assessment Scale, Box and Block Test and Wolf Motor Assessment Scale were significantly improved from baseline to six weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the hemiplegic stroke survivors who received additional Virtual Reality training using Xbox Kinect showed significant improvement in Gross motor Function, Gross Manual Dexterity and Functional Abilities of the Upper Limb. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/101 10.54393/tt.v4i1.101 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 21-24 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/101/68 10.54393/tt.v4i1.101.g68 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/104 2024-01-10T15:59:13Z tt:R.A. driver

Mechanical Causes of Osteoarthritis in Adults, its Diagnosis and Treatment : Osteoarthritis in Adults Fayyaz, Maria Muneer, Bushra Iqbal, Aqsa Bilal, Mohammad Asad Tabassum, Huma Shahbaz, Sumbal Obesity Joint Injury Physical Activity Joint Disability Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most devastating chronic conditions that affects adults and aged people around the world. After the age of 65 years, osteoarthritis affects women (70%) more frequently than it does in men (60%). The objective of this study is to find the main causes and treatment strategies for OA. The etiology of OA is multifactorial, with metabolic, inflammatory, and mechanical causes. A number of risk factors including occupation, obesity and injury may initiate various pathological pathways. The main goals of treatment are to minimize impairment, enhance function, and effectively manage pain. In cases of moderate to severe pain, acetaminophen and NSAIDs are more beneficial; nevertheless, they carry a higher risk of major side events involving the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most researched and successful nonpharmacological therapies are patient education, self-management, and exercise. Although nonpharmacological interventions are regularly and widely utilized in the therapy of OA patients, there is little evidence that they are helpful. Requiring a periodic assessment and adjustments of therapy rather than the strict continuation of a single treatment, as the patient's requirements and the course of the disease typically alter over time.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/104 10.54393/tt.v4i04.104 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 4 (October-December 2023); 02-07 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i04 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/104/110 10.54393/tt.v4i04.104.g110 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/107 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Impact of Vigorous Exercise on Blood Serum Creatinine Concentration Among Students Athletes: Impact of Vigorous Exercise on Blood Serum Creatinine Ullah, Moheb Khan, Alamgir Jamil, Muhammad Iqbal Butt, Muhammad Zafar Ullah, Imran Zubair, Muhammad Saheem, Salman Nasir, Hamza Vigorous, Exercise, Serum Creatinine, Students Creatinine is a chemical compound left over from energy-producing processes in your Healthy kidneys that filter creatinine out of the blood. Creatinine exits your body as a waste product in urine. Objective: To examine the impact of vigorous-intensity exercises on serum creatinine concentration among student athletes. Methods: Participants were categorized as the control group (CG=n-15) and the experimental group (EG=n-15). Eight-week self-made vigorous intensity exercise protocol was applied on EG. 5 ml blood was collected from each subject, and similarly, serum creatinine concentration was assessed through a serum creatinine test in a biochemistry laboratory. The results (pre and post-test) were statistically tested by independent t-test, mean, and paired sample t-test as statistical tools. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the Creatinine level between the pretest and posttest scores of EG (P < 0.05) after the treatment. No significant difference was observed in Creatinine level in CG's pretest and posttest scores (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The study shows a considerable difference in the pre and post-test of the subjects of CG and EG, and thus it is shown that vigorous exercise has a positive impact on kidney functions, particularly on creatinine CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/107 10.54393/tt.v4i02.107 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 33-36 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/107/88 10.54393/tt.v4i02.107.g88 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/108 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Psychological Well-Being and Care Giver Burden of Parents Having Child with Leukemia : Psychological Well-Being & Care Giver Burden of Parents Ghaffar, Robina Ali, Afsar Sarwar, Hajra Psychological Wellbeing, Care Burden, Leukemia Leukemia is one of most prevalent type of cancer among the children with age less than 15 years. Worldwide, Leukemia represents 32.5% of all types of cancer among the children. In Pakistan, 46.5% child with cancer diagnosed with leukemia. Both the mother and father are involved in the direct and indirect care of their child with leukemia Direct care is the tasks with the care of the child with leukemia and indirect care is the financial support and the facilities provided to the patients. Objective: To determine the psychological wellbeing and Care burden among parents having Children with Leukemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study designed was used. A sample of n=81 participants was recruited from Sadiq Abbasi Hospital Bahawalpur, through convenient sampling. The psychological wellbeing and care burden questionnaires were used to measure care burden and psychological wellbeing among parents having children with leukemia. Filled questionnaires were entered and analyzed through SPSS version-21. Results: Findings revealed that 71.60% participants had poor psychological wellbeing, 18.51% had fair and only 38.27% had good wellbeing during their children leukemia care. Similarly, 12.34% had low care burden, 38.27% had moderate and majority 49.38% were having high care burden. Conclusions: Majority of the parents of children with leukemia in this study were having high care burden and poor psychological wellbeing while taking care of their children CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/108 10.54393/tt.v4i1.108 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 11-15 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/108/66 10.54393/tt.v4i1.108.g66 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/110 2023-07-08T11:55:07Z tt:O.A driver

Knowledge, Attitudes and Interest of Evidence Based Practice among Physical Therapist Working in Pakistan: Evidence Based Practice among Physical Therapist Amjad, Sameen Musaddiq, Lyba Tasneem, Sharjeel Tasneem Kashif, Muhammad Iftikhar, Ghousia Arif, Nimra Ghaffar, Tamjeed Evidence-Based Practice, Knowledge, Attitudes Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is an approach that integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to guide clinical decision-making. Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and interests towards Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among physiotherapists in Pakistan. Methods: We surveyed 302 physical therapists working in Government and private settings in Pakistan via an online survey. The survey questionnaire encompassed four sections: (1) respondent characteristics; (2) knowledge of the principles of EBP as well as attitudes, interests, use and perceived efficacy of EBP. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version-23. Results: Overall 85% perceived EBP study is useful and necessary in PT clinical practice and 83% of respondents believed the importance of literature discoveries in regular practice and in improving the worth of patient care. Moreover, 77% showed interests to incorporate evidence increasingly in regular practice and 82% of participants were interested in seeking and enhancing proficiency to implement EBP in practice. Conclusions:  Majority of physical therapists took part in this study held positive attitudes towards the role of EBP. Most participants were interested in incorporating their perceived roles in practice as a means of honing their skills CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/110 10.54393/tt.v4i02.110 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 46-51 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/110/92 10.54393/tt.v4i02.110.g92 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/112 2023-04-28T16:53:42Z tt:O.A driver

The Prevalence of Coccydynia among Postpartum Females in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot: Prevalence of Coccydynia among Postpartum Females Shah, Saman Muzammil, Sana Khalid, Ghannia Javed, Rameesha Ahmed, Danyal Altaf, Faiza Khalid, Amna Coccydynia, Postpartum Females, Tail Bone, Breastfeeding, C-section, SVD The coccydynia refers to the pain in the coccyx. Its incidence is increasing due to sedentary lifestyles. The problem is commonly seen in postpartum females caused due to prolong sitting, poor breast feeding position or due to internal and external trauma during labor. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of coccydynia and its association with postpartum females in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. This is an observational study and convenient sampling technique is used in it. Methods: This study includes 90 postpartum females of age between 20 to 44. Data were collected by using a questionnaire containing 16 questions. Results: Out of 90 postpartum females, the total number of patients having tailbone pain were 86.7% whereas, 8.2% participants had no pain after delivery. Conclusion: The study concludes that the prevalence rate of coccyx pain is very high in postpartum females, due to several reasons. The study mainly focus on providing guidance to the females about the correct positioning, exercises and postural guidance in order to maintain the active lifestyle. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/112 10.54393/tt.v4i1.112 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 66-69 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/112/80 10.54393/tt.v4i1.112.g80 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/114 2023-03-31T12:36:06Z tt:O.A driver

Association of Low Back Pain with Body Mass Index and Stress Among House Officers in Different Rotational Placements: Association of LBP with BMI and Stress Ghaffar, Tamjeed Sultan, Sameen Khalid, Amna Anjum, Hadia Irum, Amna Fawad, Muhammad Rao, Awais Low Back Pain, Body Mass Index, Stress, Junior Doctors, House Officers Low back pain (LBP) is the most common disorder affecting the back's muscles, nerves, and bones and affecting the quality of life. Objective: To find the association of LBP with body mass index and stress among house officers in different rotational placements. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 170 participants were recruited. Oswestry disability index was used to assess the LBP and perceived stress scale was used to assess the stress. Inclusion Criteria includes house officers, both male and female and physical therapy internes. Exclusion Criteria includes disability, trauma and congenital disorder. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics version-25. Results: Out of 170 participants 10(5.9%) were underweight, 60(35.3%) were normal weight, 66(38.8%) were overweight and 34(20%) were obese. p value was .694 which showed that there is no association between LBP and body mass index. The p value for LBP and stress was .458 which showed there is no association. The p-value for LBP and different rotational placement was .000 which shows there is association present. Conclusions: There was no association found between LBP and body mass index, LBP and stress. There is association found between LBP and different rotational placements. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/114 10.54393/tt.v4i1.114 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 52-56 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/114/75 10.54393/tt.v4i1.114.g75 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/115 2023-04-03T07:35:06Z tt:Edt. driver

Targeted Therapies in Chronic Kidney Disease Tanveer, Fahad About a millions of glomeruli, or filtration units, found in the kidney linked to the tubules where water and solutes from the primary urine are selectively reabsorbed. Both the glomerular and tubular compartments are eventually affected by acute and chronic kidney diseases, but circulating substances like antibodies or cytokines frequently target the glomeruli first. A minimum of three months must pass before there are any abnormalities in renal function in order for the patient to be diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Twenty million people in the US have CKD. Despite being a major global health burden, chronic and acute kidney illness still lack effective treatments. Current treatments, like anti-inflammatory steroids, have systemic side effects and cannot halt the disease's development. Although efforts have been made to create renally pursued treatments, no such strategy exhibits yet entered the clinic. At this time, we provide a critical overview of the state of drugs and delivery methods that specifically target the kidneys [1]. Functional results fall into two categories: (i) Targeting the kidney causes the renal-to-liver ratio to rise. This is referred to as explicit targeting; (ii) the medication accumulates more in the kidneys while the kidney verses liver proportion stays the same, which allows the carrier to boost uptake generally. Overall, targeting that was focused on receptors and transporters was the most successful. The biggest task for nanoparticulate formulations is to reach glomerular cells and prevent liver accumulation [2]. Long-term contact with a carrier may be necessary to treat chronic kidney illnesses. Evidence on frequency, quantity, and application as well as the kinetics of degradation must be converted crazy about kinetic models of degradation and uptake in order to determine whether possibly lethal accumulation is to be predictable for decomposable polymers. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/115 10.54393/tt.v4i1.115 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 01 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/115/73 10.54393/tt.v4i1.115.g73 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/116 2023-04-26T05:32:45Z tt:O.A driver

Frequency of Work-Related Neck Pain in Freelancers: Work-Related Neck Pain Ghaffar, Tamjeed Fatima, Tyyiba Azfar, Hanan Shouket, Mehwish Jahanara, . Javed, Hina Bin Siddique, Usama Khalid, Amna Neck pain, freelancing, work-related neck pain The use of electronic devices like tablets, smartphones, desktop and laptop users has been increased to a lot of extent from past few years. So, the workers are more prone to be affected by neck pain, shoulder pain and other forms of musculoskeletal problems, due to lack of awareness about bad posture and ergonomics about workstation in their environment. Objectives: To find out the frequency of work-related neck pain in freelancers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study containing of questionnaire based online survey in which the data were collected by asking the participants to fill the form online. There were 100 participants who were actively working in this field from last 6 months and all of them were having neck related problems. The data was analyzed using statistical packages of social sciences and different tests were performed including Chi-square and standard deviation and square tab. Results: Statistics show that 27% of freelancers were suffered from neck and shoulder pain, 43% suffered from neck pain along with other symptoms and followed by headache in which 34% rarely suffered from headache, 38% suffered from moderate headache and 28% from severe headache. Emotional findings show that 44% faced frustration, anger and sadness to some extent. Conclusions: The neck discomfort due to working online increases with sitting still for more than 1 hour, making physical activity difficult as well as making lifestyle change. A significant Association was found between lifestyle changes due to neck pain, neck pain intensity with online working. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/116 10.54393/tt.v4i1.116 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 62-65 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/116/79 10.54393/tt.v4i1.116.g79 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/117 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Correlation of Chronic Fatigue with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Symptom Severity in COVID-19 Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study: Correlation of Chronic Fatigue with PTSD Sarwar, Hassan Zaheer, Anna Fatima, Sahar Parveen, Sumaira Chronic Fatigue, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, COVID-19, RT-PCR Testing Corona virus (COVID-19) is an airborne contagious respiratory disease. Fatigue is much reported complain by post-COVID patients. COVID-19 had generated stress in a wide variety of patients can be termed as post-traumatic stress disorder. Objective: To find the correlation of chronic fatigue with post-traumatic stress disorder and symptom severity in COVID-19 survivors. Methods: The commencement of this study required the allowance from University of Lahore ethical committee. About 155 participants participated in this cross-sectional study who had been COVID-19 positive for once up till now, which had supportive evidence through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Only those participants got eligible for study who had survived COVID-19 infectious disease. The data were kept secured by negating any biasness. Results: From total of 155 COVID-19 survivors, 75 (48.39%) males and 80 (51.31%) females participated in study. Mean age was 29.32 ± 10.81. About 123 (79.35%) had symptomatic COVID-19. Majority of patients 79 (50.97%) self-categorized them as struggling with moderate symptoms during their quarantine period. About 114 (73.54%) self-perceived they accompanied fatigue after recovering from COVID-19.While 87 (56.13%) COVID-19 survivors had encountered high impact post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of COVID-19 survivors had moderate level of fatigue and high impact post-traumatic stress disorder. This was seen more commonly among females. This is an important finding which needs to be taken into consideration when making a treatment plan for patients CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/117 10.54393/tt.v4i02.117 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 10-14 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/117/83 10.54393/tt.v4i02.117.g83 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/118 2023-04-20T10:58:08Z tt:O.A driver

Correlation of Burnout Syndrome with Musculoskeletal Disordersand Its Prevalence Among Medical Students: Correlation of Burnout Syndrome with Musculoskeletal Disorders Tanveer, Minahil Rehman, Abdul Zohaib Ahmad, Hafiz Munawar, Raheel Salik, Sumbal Khalid, Amna Ghaffar, Tamjeed Raza, Muhammad Qasim Burnout, Musculoskeletal Problems, University Student Burnout is common exhaustion in students especially among medical students due to their increased study hours, increased demands according to the education sector and less tolerance. Objective: To determine the prevalence and correlation of burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal problems among university students in Lahore. Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by including 181 medical students by using, a convenience sampling technique according to the predefined selection criteria. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Nordic Questionnaire were used for assessing the outcomes of the patient. The data were analyzed by using SPSS in which frequency, percentage, and Correlation analysis were used to determine the relationship that exists between burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal pain. Results: The study showed that Musculoskeletal pain and burnout syndrome exist a strong correlation among students of universities with a p-value <0.05. Conclusions: The study concluded that burnout syndrome had a statistically significant relationship with students’ study years and musculoskeletal problems that ultimately affect their normal activities of daily life CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/118 10.54393/tt.v4i1.118 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023); 57-61 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i1 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/118/78 10.54393/tt.v4i1.118.g78 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/119 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Trend of Snakebite Cases and their Management at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi During 2022: Trend of Snakebite Cases Zeb, Shazia Shahid, Rizwana Fatima, Farzana Snakebite, Vasculotoxic, Anti-snake venom ampules, Survived Snakebite is a neglected public health problem of tropical and subtropical regions globally. Millions of cases are reported annually worldwide and about half of them are bitten by poisonous snakes. Objectives: To determine trend of snakebite cases and their management at Holy Family Hospital during 2022. Methods: A retrospective hospital-record based study was done to identify the trend of snakebite cases reported at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi during 2022. The data was gathered from hospital administrators pertaining to age, gender, residential address, types of snakebite and treatment given. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 25.0 and MS Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics were computed. Independent sample t-test was applied to measure statistically significant gender-based difference in mean age of the snake bite victims. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 90 snakebite cases, 64.1% were males. Mean age of the victims was 34.7 ±14.8 years. Difference in mean age of male and female victims was statistically insignificant (P > 0.67). Majority (33%) was resident of Rawalpindi, followed by 22% and 12.3% from Attock and Azad Jammu & Kashmir respectively. Peak of the cases was during July and August. As most (91.1%) of them were bitten by vasculotoxic snakes, so out of 1,117 anti-snake venom ampules about 93.1% were administered to those cases. None of the cases succumbed to snakebite. Conclusions: Snakebite has frequently been reported among residents of Rawalpindi and its neighbouring areas during summer season. The victims were promptly treated for their survival. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/119 10.54393/tt.v4i02.119 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 05-09 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/119/82 10.54393/tt.v4i02.119.g82 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/120 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Physiotherapists Working in Clinics and Hospitals of Islamabad: Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Physiotherapists Javed, Anam Tariq, Saad Jabeen, Tayyaba Khan, Suliman Naeem, Maria Muhammad Khan, Haseeb Waseem, Mehwish Low back pain work physical therapists hospitals rehabilitation centers Lower back pain (LBP) is a prevailing musculoskeletal condition that affects nearly all individuals at certain point in their lives. Although the majority of individuals with LBP experience temporary pain or disability and rapidly resume normal activities regardless of treatment, a small percentage develop chronic pain and disability. Among those with long-term pain and disability, few return to normal activities after experiencing LBP for more than one year. Despite the lack of discrimination based on gender, race, or work environment, certain professionals, such as physiotherapists, are at a heightened risk of developing LBP. Objective: To determine the prevalence of lower back pain among physiotherapists working in clinics and hospitals of Islamabad. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using demographic data, visual analogue scale (VAS) and OSWESTRY low back disability questionnaire to determine the prevalence of lower back pain among physical therapists working in clinics and hospitals of Islamabad. The study participants were physiotherapists working in Islamabad with age between 23 to 35 years. Data were analyzed by SPSS version-25. Results: A total of 50 physiotherapists participated in the study. Results showed that out of 50 participants, 50% had moderate amount of pain following the mild pain that was 44% and 6% showed no pain measured through Visual analogue pain scale. Conclusions: The present study concludes that low back pain is prevalent among physiotherapists working in clinics and hospitals of Islamabad. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/120 10.54393/tt.v4i02.120 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 37-41 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/120/89 10.54393/tt.v4i02.120.g89 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/124 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:Edt. driver

Current Political & Economic Turmoil & Healthcare Provision: Turmoil and Healthcare Saqulain, Ghulam Pakistan is doing well in achieving some Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, Pakistan is left behind in meeting SDG 3 goal which is related to its Population’s health and wellbeing, which seem to be an impossible target in near future due to the current political turmoil and economic crisis, which is a huge challenge for the healthcare system. Unexpectedly following Pakistan’s 2010 devolution of health to provinces instead of an improvement in provision of healthcare, low capacity of institutions, week central and provincial- coordination and increased interference by elites impeded any significant improvement in health sector [1]. The economic crunch has hit the healthcare sector very badly, affecting the medical supply lines since it relies mostly on imported raw medical supplies to manufacture medicines, and imports of complicated surgical equipment, including cardiac, orthopedic and cochlear implants essentially required for saving lives and for catering to the physical as well as communicational disabilities [2]. Hence, with Pakistan’s fragile economy marred with precarious conditions including widespread floods of 2022 and extremism has brought the country’s economy to a record low level, affecting all activities of life including healthcare provision to the masses [3].  Pakistani health professionals’ competency is also at stake and low salaries are driving these professionals to opt for more than one job at a time and unfortunately compelling professionals to leave the country for better future [4]. The political turmoil and economic crunch have also resulted in inflation resulting in a record price hike affecting daily life; and raising crime rate which has also impact tourism, including medical tourism which has improved healthcare provision and income generation in some neighboring countries like India, UAE etc [5]. This also demands accreditation of medical institutions of the country with Joint Commission International (JCI) and other such international accreditation agencies to enhance healthcare quality and provision of standard healthcare. The current crisis has also multiplied many folds because of outbreaks of diseases in the flood affected areas, which are already marred with health issues like malnutrition and outbreak of infections like hepatitis, typhoid, paratyphoid and tuberculosis etc. Even in emergency and war situations, healthcare takes precedence, hence it is high time  for the authorities and the government to mitigate the issues facing healthcare in the country by increasing budget allocation, systematic clinical and community healthcare provision, enhancing coordination of provincial and federal health authorities, hiring of medical and allied staff to fill the vacant positions, attractive salaries for this essentially required community, enhancing collaboration with World Health Organization, UNICEF and other international agencies, getting accreditation of medical institutions to enhance medical tourism and policy level decisions for sustainable healthcare policy. These steps will enhance quality of healthcare provision, retaining of highly skilled medical and paramedical manpower in the country and result in better provision of healthcare. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/124 10.54393/tt.v4i02.124 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 01 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/124/81 10.54393/tt.v4i02.124.g81 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/127 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Exploring Trends and Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents/ School Going Children of Rawalpindi: Trends and Barriers to Physical Activity Diba, Farah Shaheen, Dure Yakta Habib, Muhammad Farrukh Raisani, Sher Afgan Khan, Javeria Rehman, Atta Ur Faiz, Sajida Yasmin, Rehana Noreen, Mehmoona Nazeer, Nazma Adolescents, Physical Activity, Barriers Adolescent’s active participation in PA may reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Barriers to PA and the association among these barriers were examined. Objective: To explore barriers to PA in the adolescent of public school of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods: A Descriptive cross-sectional design, multistage cluster sample of adolescents (N = 400) with 214 (53.5%) male and 186 (46.5%) females was conducted. Independent variables such as sociodemographic, (i.e., education, age, gender, socioeconomic level), the discernment of barriers which did not permit to take part in PA, (i.e., fear of harm, lack of time, resources, social support, energy, and motivation, inaccessibility of recreational sports near residence and lacking skills); and adolescent’s physical activity participation was evaluated using WHO tool, international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). To investigate the connection between perceived barriers and PA participation, multiple regression analysis was used. Results: Of the 400 adolescents females are more likely to perceive a lack of time as a barrier to engaging in PA [OR 2.17 (95% CI (1.45---3.23)]. In a similar vein, those from lower socioeconomic levels are more likely to perceive a lack of motivation. [OR 2.17 (95% CI (1.42---3.32]. Regarding poor /fair Self-perception of health have a high chance of perceiving scarcity of resource [OR 4.25 (95% CI (2.72---7.43)] were viewed as obstacles to PA. Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status, lack and standard of education, and self-perception of health are indicators of are indicators of potential obstacles to physical activity CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/127 10.54393/tt.v4i02.127 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 27-32 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/127/85 10.54393/tt.v4i02.127.g85 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/129 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:O.A driver

Neck Pain Among Occupational Bike Riders Wearing Helmet in Twin Cities: A Cross Sectional Survey: Neck Pain Among Occupational Bike Riders Hassan, Aoun Hanif, Sidra Ahmed, Ishaq Zaidi, Faryal Aslam, Amir Kayani, Afshan Altaf, Reema Naseer, Rizmi Neck Pain, Bike Riders, NP Neck pain is a pain, stress, and fatigue of the muscles in or around the spine beneath head. Sometimes this pain may continue from the neck region into the shoulders, arms and upper back. Bike riders wearing helmet are more prone to neck pain due to prolonged use of helmet. Objective: To find the frequency of neck pain in bike riders who wear helmet in Twin Cities. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among bike riders wearing helmet working with Careem, Bykea and InDriver considering non-probability convenient sampling. 227 participants were selected agreeing to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from bike riders at different locations of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Association of neck pain to the use of helmet and weight was observed in this study. Pain intensity was measured by Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 26. Results: Out of 370 participants, 227 were helmet users, 149 (65.6%) had neck pain. 78 participants wearing helmet did not feel neck pain. Conclusions: This study concluded that there was 65.6% frequency of neck pain among bike riders wearing helmet in Twin Cities CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/129 10.54393/tt.v4i02.129 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 15-20 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/129/84 10.54393/tt.v4i02.129.g84 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/132 2023-06-30T09:35:07Z tt:R.A. driver

Therapeutic Application of Cupping Therapy (Hijama): A Brief Review: Application of Cupping Therapy Niazi, Madiha Khan Hassan, Farooq Zaidi, Syed Zahoor Ul Hassan Ghaffar, Saira Sohail, Zuha Noor, Talha Aamir, Zeerak Ismail, Muhammad Amjad Hijama, Unani, Diseases, Medicine Hijama is a form of Unani medicine that involves using heat or suction to partially vacuum a Hijama glass placed on the surface of the body in order to remove disease-causing material or divert it from the diseased area, return displaced organs to their proper positions, and encourage blood flow to the intrusion site. The cups used to administer hijama therapy gave the treatment its name. For sucking purposes, glass or wooden cupping glasses are employed, and a vacuum pump creates the suction. Hijama involves placing a cup to a specific area of the body and sucking blood from there. Hijama is a method of Istifragh that removes the disease's root cause. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/132 10.54393/tt.v4i02.132 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 02-04 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/132/87 10.54393/tt.v4i02.132.g87 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/133 2023-07-17T10:20:53Z tt:O.A driver

Emotional Lability and Perceived Social Support in Association with Psychological Well-Being Among University Students: An Exploratory Analysis: Emotional Lability and Perceived Social Support Abbas, Salbia Dar, Tayyaba Mir, Nadia Shafique, Komal Zainab, Tatheera Emotional Lability, Psychological Well-being, Perceived Social Support The Current study examined correlation among emotional lability, perceived social support and psychological well-being of university students. Methods: Cross sectional study with quantitative method was used in the current study. Sample comprised of 300 university students from various backgrounds was recruited through random probability sampling technique. For assessment self-developed demographic sheet with standardized scales Affective Lability Scale, Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale 42-Items Version were administered. For analysis both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: Results revealed that perceived social support had a positive relationship with psychological well-being(r=0.49**), which means that with increase in social support, psychological well-being begun to improve. Moreover, PSS had negative relationship with emotional lability (r= -0.52**), indicating that emotional instability decreases with the increase of PSS.  Furthermore, results of regression analysis explored that PSS is significant predictor of EL and PWB among university students. Mean score test results indicates that EL and PWB are affected by PSS. Hence, a significant relationship exists between perceived social support and PWB and EL. Conclusions: To conclude it is stated that perceived social support presented role as a moderator in predicting the relationship between emotional lability and psychological well-being. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/133 10.54393/tt.v4i02.133 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 63-68 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/133/94 10.54393/tt.v4i02.133.g94 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/137 2023-09-30T19:11:42Z tt:Edt. driver

Advancements in Dermatological Therapies Bashir, Bushra Dermatology has witnessed remarkable advancements in therapeutic approaches, revolutionizing the field and transforming the landscape of skin health. From innovative treatment modalities to novel drug discoveries, the realm of dermatological therapies has expanded exponentially, offering new hope and improved outcomes for patients. These advancements have not only revolutionized the way we address various skin conditions but have also opened doors to personalized and targeted treatments. Exploring and embracing these advancements is crucial for dermatologists to provide the highest level of care and enhance the quality of life for their patients. The advent of biologics and targeted therapies has been a game-changer in dermatology. Conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and various autoimmune disorders now have targeted treatment options that specifically address the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Biologics, including monoclonal antibodies and immune modulators, have shown exceptional efficacy in managing these conditions, providing long-lasting relief and reducing disease burden for patients. Additionally, advancements in molecular research and genetic profiling have paved the way for personalized medicine in dermatology, allowing for tailored treatment plans based on an individual's unique genetic makeup and characteristics. Furthermore, technological innovations have brought forth significant advancements in dermatological therapies. Laser and light-based treatments have revolutionized the management of various skin conditions, including acne scars, vascular lesions, and unwanted pigmentation. These non-invasive procedures offer precise targeting and minimal downtime, delivering remarkable results with reduced risks. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence and digital health technologies has enhanced diagnostic accuracy and improved treatment outcomes. From teledermatology to image analysis algorithms, these technologies streamline patient care, facilitate remote consultations, and enable efficient data-driven decision-making. Collaborative efforts between dermatologists and pharmaceutical companies have also led to the development of novel therapeutic agents. New drug discoveries, formulations, and delivery systems have expanded treatment options for conditions such as skin cancer, fungal infections, and chronic inflammatory disorders. Researchers continue to explore innovative pathways, including immunotherapies and microbiome-targeted therapies, opening doors to further advancements in the field. Advancements in dermatological therapies have ushered in a new era of precision and effectiveness in the management of various skin conditions. From targeted biologics to technological innovations, these breakthroughs have transformed the way dermatologists approach patient care. Embracing these advancements and staying abreast of the latest developments is essential for dermatologists to provide the best possible care and improve patient outcomes. As the field continues to evolve, ongoing research, collaboration, and technological integration will shape the future of dermatological therapies, empowering both clinicians and patients in their pursuit of optimal skin health CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/137 10.54393/tt.v4i03.137 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 01 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/137/97 10.54393/tt.v4i03.137.g97 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/139 2023-07-17T10:11:48Z tt:O.A driver

Perception of Oncology Patients toward the Quality of Life and Rehabilitation: Perception of Oncology Patients Jamil, Komal Baqir, Syeda Rida Tasneem Chaudhary, Sharjeel Sandeela, Khadijatul Ain Iqbal, Rasheed Aslam, Shafaq Cancer, Physical Therapy, Cancer Survivors, Exercises and Physical Activity Cancer is a worldwide pandemic disease 1 in 8 deaths is due to cancer globally. The major parameter used for the evaluation of cancer treatment is quality of life. Objective: To find out the perception of oncology patients towards the quality of life and rehabilitation. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in two tertiary care hospitals and one medical center in Karachi. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sampling. Ethical approval was prior obtained from Parent Institute. Data were analyzed by SPSS version-23.0. Result: A total of 255 survey forms were filled out by oncology patients. Mostly158 (62.0%) patients lie between the ages of 20-49 years. There were 117 (45.9%) males and 138 (54.1%) females. Change in quality of life with time related to post-diagnosis. Those who were diagnosed < 5 years rated mean overall physical health as 5.46 ± 1.7, > 10 years rated 4.39 ± 1.8, and 5-10 years rated 4.22 ± 1.5. Satisfaction of patients regarding physical therapy sessions <5 years of post-diagnosed responded mean satisfaction level was 7.33 ± 2.494, 5.00 ± 1.633 of >10 years patients, and 6.08 ± 1.714 of 5 to 10 years post diagnosed patients. Improvement in QOL after physical therapy sessions <5 years diagnosed patients responded mean QOL as 7.39 ± 2.367, >10 years of patients responded 5.70 ± 2.032, and 5 to 10 years patients responded 6.45 ± 1.670. Conclusions: This study concluded that the perception of oncology patients regarding rehabilitation to maintain their quality of life is significant. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/139 10.54393/tt.v4i02.139 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 57-62 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/139/95 10.54393/tt.v4i02.139.g95 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/141 2023-07-25T10:11:56Z tt:O.A driver

Effects of Instrument-Assisted Compressive Versus Decompressive Myofascial Release in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Non-Specific Low Back Pain Shehzad, Sheeraz Mughal, Samraiz Arslan, Rana Muhammad Farooq, Umer Imran, Aliha Jabeen, Misbah Rohail, Zoya Binte Ghaffar, Tamjeed IASTM, Dry Cupping, Myofascial Decompression, Compressive Myofascial Release Non-specific low back pain, a common condition, affects vast majority of the population worldwide and can be treated with soft tissue mobilization either with compression or decompression. Objective: To compare the effects of instrument-assisted compressive versus decompressive myofascial release on pain intensity, lumbar range of motion, and disability in non-specific low back pain. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Laeeque Rafiq Hospital from February 2023 to April 2023. Two groups were included: one received instrument-assisted compressive myofascial release (Ergon tool), and the other received decompressive myofascial release with dry cupping. The study followed the patients for three weeks, collecting measurements of pain intensity, lumbar flexion and extension range of motion (ROM), and disability scores of low back pain. Data analysis were performed using SPSS 21.0. Results: There were a total of 44 patients. 23 patients were assigned to the compressive myofascial release technique group and 21 patients to the decompressive myofascial release group. Pain severity and disability score in the decompressive myofascial release group reduced significantly compared to the compressive myofascial release group at the end of the third week and first week respectively (p-value=0.02 and p-value=0.05 respectively). Lumbar flexion and extension ROM improved significantly in the compressive release group as compared to the decompressive release group after 1st and 2nd week respectively (p-value=0.01 and p-value=0.04 respectively). Conclusions:  Decompressive myofascial release reduces low back pain and disability, while compressive myofascial release improves lumbar range of motion.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/141 10.54393/tt.v4i02.141 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June 2023); 69-74 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i02 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/141/96 10.54393/tt.v4i02.141.g96 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/142 2023-10-06T21:21:40Z tt:O.A driver

Analyzing the Key Predictors of Implant Cut Out in DHS-Treated Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Comprehensive Investigation: Implant Cut Out in DHS-Treated Intertrochanteric Fractures Tanveer, Omer Farooq Arif, Muhammad Maaz Mohsin, Danish Nisar, Wardah Bugvi, Naveen Abubakar Bohari, Noreen Maqbool Haider, Tanveer Hannan, Muhammad Abdul Anwar, Rizwan Intertrochanteric Fractures DHS-Treated Intertrochanteric fractures are osteoporotic fractures in nature that mainly affect elderly people and lead to disability annually. This creates a burden on the healthcare system and results in significant resource usage, attention to medical needs, and rehabilitative care. Objective: To identify and analyze the key factors associated with intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College (KMSMC) in Sialkot, Pakistan. This observational study enrolled 137 patients, with 63 males (46%) and 74 females (54%). Results: The average age of the selected group was 64.55±14.26 years. It was highlighted that most of the fractures (52%) were on the right side, this features a potential asymmetry in fracture development. Secondly, falls were recognized as the prime reason for intertrochanteric fractures, as it accounts for 65% of the cases. As per fracture classification taken into account, stable fractures (64%) were the most common type noticed. Furthermore, a large part of patients (76%) encountered a positive outcome in terms of union, mentioning a successful healing of the fractures. Besides, a notable percentage (52%) of the cases exhibit good reduction, demonstrating functional alignment of fractured bone segments in the course of the treatment procedure. Conclusions: The present study deduced that a remarkable number of fractures were observed on the right side, specifying a possible imbalance in fracture occurrence. Furthermore, falls were regarded as the primary cause of intertrochanteric fractures. Majority were stable in nature with positive union outcomes and showed a good reduction. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/142 10.54393/tt.v4i03.142 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 08-12 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/142/100 10.54393/tt.v4i03.142.g100 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/143 2023-09-30T19:11:42Z tt:Cmntry driver

Causes, Precautions and Management of Risk Factors Associated with Sports Injuries: Risk Factors Associated with Sports Injuries Khan, Alamgir Jamil, Muhammad Butti, Shireen Ahmad, Iftikhar Ullah, Habib Khan, Arsalan Imtiaz, . Sports Injuries Risk Factors Management Sports injuries are considered a global health problem that needs a special focus on public health to minimize the risk factors of sports injuries [1]. Sports Injuries refer to injuries commonly occurring during sports or exercise, but they are not only confined to sports. It can also appear in our routine life events. Suppose a factory worker can get tennis elbow injuries, and Painter gets shoulder injuries. Likewise, gardeners develop tendinitis even though they may not participate in sports [2]. The common sports injuries are sprains, strains, swollen muscles, shin splints, rotator cuff injuries, knee injuries, fractures, and dislocations. Based on nature, we can divide it into two types, i.e. intrinsic injuries and extrinsic injuries. Intrinsic injuries are those injuries which take place inside the body, while those injuries that take place outside the body are called outside injuries. Sports Injuries can occur in any part of the body, such as bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and cartilage [3]. Sports injuries may be categorized as chronic or acute sports injuries. Chronic or overuse injuries develop in sports where an athlete needs long-term repetitive motion, like long-distance running, cycling and swimming [4]. Chronic sports injuries include arthritis, tendonitis, tennis elbow, repetitive strain injury (RSI) and runner's knee [5]. Likewise, acute sports injuries consist of those injuries which happen suddenly. Wrist fractures. Ankle sprains. Shoulder dislocations are the best examples of acute sports injuries [5, 6]. In other words, those injuries which take place suddenly and need a short period of recovery are term as acute sports injuries, such as strain, sprain, dislocation and muscle aches etc. Similarly, those injuries that develop gradually and need more time for recovery are called chronic injuries [7]. Poor training, anatomical problems, muscle weakness, tendons, exercising ligaments, and unsafe environments are all causative factors of sports injuries [8]. In association with factors, sports injuries are usually instigated by overuse, direct impact, or the application of force greater than the body part can structurally withstand [9]. The main causes of injuries during sports are; lack of proper training, overtraining, long-term playing the same sports, playing on hard surfaces, and improper shoes and sports kits [2]. As a serious health concern, learning about preventive measures is important for athletes, coaches, and managers [10]. Preventive measures of sports injuries include; physical fitness, awareness about skills and techniques, and warm and cool down [11-13]. Due to injuries, a sportsman completely loses their performance. In addition, as a result of injuries, a sportsman feels soreness, swelling, muscular weakness, fatigue and pain. Along with physical problems, many psychological issues, such as fear, tension, lack of focus, and poor self-confidence, are also linked with sports injuries [14-18]. Different first aid techniques can help manage the severe effects of sports injuries, such as injury prevention, injury identification and treatment, and injury rehabilitation [19, 20]. Likewise, developing a fitness plan comprised of cardiovascular, strength and flexibility exercises, warm-up and cool down, staying hydrated, using proper equipment, etc. also used to manage sports injuries [21, 22]. There are five basic steps for preventing sports injuries among children. These preventive measures include wearing protective gear, i.e. helmets, protective pads, and other gear, warm up and cooling down, knowing the rules of the game, watch out for others and don't play when injured [22]. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/143 10.54393/tt.v4i03.143 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 56-58 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/143/98 10.54393/tt.v4i03.143.g98 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/145 2023-09-30T19:11:42Z tt:O.A driver

Evaluation of Patients Satisfaction Level and Quality of Life (QOL) Receiving Physical Therapy Care for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Public and Private Hospitals: Musculoskeletal Disorders Almas Sabir, Hafiz Muhammad Maira, . Tariq , Amna Naveed Sheikh, Maryam Rehman, Hamna Ghaffar, Tamjeed Malik, Kainat Manzoor, Urooj Shafique, Kaiynat Musculoskeletal Problems Patient Satisfaction Level Physical Therapy Quality of Life Patients’ satisfaction is the experience of an attitude and effective response that is related to beliefs that the physiotherapy service provided to patient must have adequate component and dimension. Objective: To measure the satisfaction level and quality of life of patients in both public and private hospitals of Faisalabad. Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study with sample size of 278. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from patients receiving physical therapy care in both the public and private sectors. The outcome measures of the study were the multidimensional "Queen Mary's Satisfaction Survey" and the "SF-36 Questionnaire" to check level of satisfaction and overall QOL. The collected data were then analyzed by SPSS version-22. Results: About 6.5% patients from government and 35% from private hospitals were highly satisfied from the physiotherapy services.46% patients from government and 64% from private reported to have an excellent quality of life. Independent t-test revealed that p value was less than 0.05 for both satisfaction level and quality of life in patients receiving physiotherapy from private and government sectors of Faisalabad. Conclusions: A significant difference was found between quality of life and satisfaction level of patients receiving physiotherapy from private and government hospitals of Faisalabad. Patients of private hospital reported higher level of satisfaction and QOL as compared to the government hospitals. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/145 10.54393/tt.v4i03.145 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 02-07 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/145/99 10.54393/tt.v4i03.145.g99 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/156 2023-10-11T07:35:20Z tt:O.A driver

Immediate Effect of Ischemic Compression Therapy to Release Suboccipital Trigger Points in Tension-Type Headache among Adult Population of GCUF : Effect of Ischemic Compression Therapy Ghaffar, Tamjeed Nadeem, Nimra Saleem, Sumbal Ahmad, Irtasam Ajmal, Muhammad Javed, Hina Khalid, Amna HIT-6 Ischemic Compression Therapy Tension-Type Headache Trigger Points Visual Analogue Scale Tension-type headache is a nervous illness and characterized by pain, causes stretch on both sides and stiffness which feels like a band or pressure leads to disruption in daily activities. Objective: To see the immediate effects of ischemic compression therapy to release sub-occipital trigger points in tension type headache. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study. Study population was students and faculty members of GC University, Faisalabad from age between 25 to 35 years. Sample size of the study was 35. A convenient sampling technique was used to select individuals according to the defined inclusion criteria. Trigger points were evaluated by palpating the occipital region. Data collection tools including visual analogue scale (VAS) and HIT-6 was used to measure intensity of pain and tension-type headache. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Post-treatment values of VAS showed the reduction in pain intensity (mean=0.57) as compared to the pre-intervention values (mean = 5.03). A notable reduction in HIT-6 impact from (mean = 65.13) to (mean = 40.40) was observed. Paired sample t-test showed a p-value below 0.05 for both VAS and HIT-6, highlighting the positive effects of ischemic compression therapy to release sub-occipital trigger points in tension type headache. Conclusions: There was a notable reduction of pain intensity immediately after the treatment session. Ischemic compression therapy was significantly effective to release sub-occipital trigger points in patients with tension type headache. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/156 10.54393/tt.v4i03.156 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 13-17 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/156/101 10.54393/tt.v4i03.156.g101 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/159 2023-11-24T11:05:16Z tt:O.A driver

Awareness and Knowledge of Speech Language Pathologists regarding Pediatric Feeding Disorders : Awareness and Knowledge of Speech Language Pathologists Ch, Maryam Ashraf, Anum Mansoor, Mahnoor Shaukat, Mavra Knowledge Awareness Speech Language Pathologists Pediatric Feeding Disorders Feeding is like a tremendous process involving multiple systems that are interconnected with each other. The speech pathologist plays an important role in helping the child develop a positive relationship with his or her mouth and food, as well as learning how to eat enjoyably, carefully, and efficiently. Objective: To determine knowledge of Speech Language Pathologists about the Pediatric Feeding Disorders. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Data were collected from the Speech Language Pathologists through online questionnaire generated through Google forms after taking permission letter from Research and Ethics committee.  Non- probability convenience sampling technique was used. Sample was calculated 157 on the basis of total number of BS graduate Speech Language Pathologists by using 95% confidence interval through sample size calculator Rao soft. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using descriptive statistics including frequency tables and bar charts. Results: Total 157 responses were received.145 were females and 12 males participated in this study. Out of 157 participants, 60.51% SLPs reported that they do not feel confident on their clinical expertise regarding pediatric feeding disorders and 92.4% SLPs reported that they need more knowledge and training to deal with pediatric feeding disorders. Conclusions: Many Speech Language Pathologists in Pakistan have little knowledge about the management and treatment of PFDs. They do not feel safe to evaluate, assess and intervene with pediatric feeding disorders. Therefore, they feel less confident on their treatment strategies regarding pediatric feeding disorders.    CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/159 10.54393/tt.v4i03.159 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 18-22 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/159/103 10.54393/tt.v4i03.159.g103 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/160 2023-11-24T13:03:22Z tt:O.A driver

Association of Physical Activity and Obesity in Health Care Professionals of Karachi: Physical Activity and Obesity in Health Care Professionals Naqvi, Mahmooda Falak, Maria Badar, Shahid Burki, Subhan-ur-Rehman Aslam, Muhammad Tahir Dherwani, Ajay Baqir, Syeda Rida Physical Fitness Body Weight Physical Exertion Health Care Providers Health Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. The worldwide prevalence rate of obesity is about 13% of adults are obese, and 39% of adults are overweight. Globally, found that 1 out of every 5 children is overweight and faces many complications. Objective: To determine the relation of physical activity and obesity in health care professionals of Karachi. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done on 543 healthcare professionals of various domains selected from the hospitals of Karachi according to the division of seven districts ( Central, East, Kemari, Orangi, Malir, South, West). The evaluation of the study was done through three weight measurement tools( BMI (body mass index), Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio) and two questionnaires: a self-administered and an international physical activity questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Results: There were 543  healthcare professionals extracted from seven districts of Karachi, Out of which 310 performed more than 3 hours, 181 performed less than 3 hours per day, and 52 were not sure about their level of moderate activities in daily routine While 146  healthcare professionals performed more than 3 hours per day, 283 performed less than 3 hours per day, and 114 were not sure about their level of vigorous activities in their daily routine. Conclusions: Our study concluded that the frequency of obesity is less in healthcare professionals as compared to the general p CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/160 10.54393/tt.v4i03.160 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 23-28 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/160/104 10.54393/tt.v4i03.160.g104 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/163 2025-12-08T09:31:18Z tt:O.A driver

Vital Signs Monitoring in Outpatients Physical Therapy in Various Cities of Pakistan : Vital Signs Monitoring in Outpatients Physical Therapy Bibi, Faria Khan, Maida Khalid, Bareera Jadoon, Irrij javed Javed, Ayesha Ahmed, Mian Waleed Ain, Quratul Ahmed, Mian Awais Vital Signs Physical Therapy Heart Rate Blood Pressure Every time a new patient or client visits, their vital signs should be taken, according to the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Taking vital indicators such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature is part of a physical therapist's professional decision-making process. Objective: To determine the frequency of vital signs monitoring in outpatients physical therapy practice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in physical therapy departments of different clinical settings. Data were collected through 12 items survey questionnaire from physical therapist, which was then analyzed by SPSS version 2022.The frequency of monitoring of vital signs by physical therapist was measured by using frequency tables. Association was seen with the help of chi-square test. Results: In this survey study, 12 items and 300 respondents were included to find out the frequency of physical therapist who monitor vital signs in their daily practice. The results suggested that 56.7% respondents monitor vital signs, 27.3% respondents monitor vitals only when there is an indicted or diagnosed cardiovascular condition and 16.0% respondent do not monitor vital signs. There is a significant relation that vital signs are neglected due to time constraints in daily practice with p-value less than 0.05. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that vital signs are being monitored by most of the physical therapist. Further studies need to conducted and better stratify risk factors for different conditions to better determine when exercise and activity may be at risk.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/163 10.54393/tt.v5i01.163 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2024: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 32-36 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v5i01 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/163/126 10.54393/tt.v5i01.163.g126 Copyright (c) 2024 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/167 2023-12-08T21:08:31Z tt:O.A driver

Text Neck Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors: Prevalence in Medical Students: Text Neck Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors Javed, Ayesha Andama, Gul Rehman, Abdul Ahmed, Mian Waleed Ali, Syed Hashir Ahmed, Mian Awais Bibi, Muqaddas Khalid, Amna Text Neck Syndrome Nomophobia NDI Disability Neck Disability Index Text neck depicts repeated stress injury and irritation of neck due to smart phone usage or other handheld devices over a sustained period. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of text neck syndrome in medical students of Abbottabad. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at various government and private medical colleges of Abbottabad. A sample size of 300 students was estimated suitable for the study calculated via Epitool, a total 300 students of age group 17-30 years were asked to fill 2 well- standardized questionnaires namely Neck Disability Index (NDI) & Nomophobia Pain Questionnaire(NPQ) after seeking informed consent. Convenient sampling technique was opted for data collection. The data was further analysed by using SPSS. Results: Among 300 subjects, 4.333% subjects showed mild nomophobia, 54% subjects reported moderate nomophobia, while 41.67% subjects had severe nomophobia. According to the Neck Disability Index (NDI), 6.333% subjects showed no disability, 41.67% subjects showed mild disability, 30% subjects showed moderate disability, 12.67% subjects showed severe disability while 0.333% subjects showed complete disability. There was significant positive correlation observed between NDI and NMP-Q with Pearson correlation co-efficient value of 0.88. Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of Text Neck Syndrome in medical students, despite of their awareness and education, primarily due to gadget addiction. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/167 10.54393/tt.v4i03.167 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 38-42 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/167/112 10.54393/tt.v4i03.167.g112 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/170 2023-12-09T07:29:54Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Various Forms of Active Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes : Active Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes Tariq, Maheen Zafar, Sadaf Waheed, Aimen Afzal, Navera Razzaq, Rafia Batool, Fizzah Tuberculosis Prevalence Diabetes Multidrug-Resistant TB A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a persistent complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is linked to a two to four-fold higher likelihood of developing peripheral arterial disease (PAD) when compared to individuals without diabetes. Objective: To determine the incidence of various forms of active tuberculosis in patients with diabetes. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of General Medicine from August 2022 to February 2023. 175 patients, including both males and females, participated in this study. Comprehensive demographic information was meticulously documented for each patient following the appropriate consent procedures. These patients had symptoms such as cough with or without phlegm, hemoptysis, persistent fever, and unexplained weight loss, and their ages ranged from 10 to 85 years. Comprehensive medical history, clinical examination, and TB screening tests were conducted and data analysis were done by SPSS version-24 for further analysis. Results: The mean age was 51.34 years with a standard deviation of 3.61. Among the patients, 107 (61.14%) were male, and 68 (38.85%) were female. The overall prevalence of active TB was 38 cases, accounting for 21.71% of the total. Among these cases, 18 were pulmonary TB, making up 47.36% of the active TB cases, while 13 were extra-pulmonary TB, constituting 34.21% of the total. Additionally, 5 cases were identified as multidrug-resistant TB, representing 13.15% of the active TB cases. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study reveals a higher prevalence of various forms of active tuberculosis in patients with diabetes with pulmonary tuberculosis accounting for 47.35% and extra pulmonary tuberculosis for 34.21% of cases.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/170 10.54393/tt.v4i03.170 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 33-37 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/170/107 10.54393/tt.v4i03.170.g107 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/171 2023-12-09T07:51:26Z tt:O.A driver

Evaluation of Relationship of Diabetic Foot Ulcers with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : Relationship of Diabetic Foot Ulcers with Peripheral Arterial Disease Yaqub, Aqsa Fakhar, Aimen Seemab, Qastoona Batool, Fizzah Khan, Muhammad Umer Hanif, Maryam Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Foot Ulcer Peripheral Arterial Disease Diabetes mellitus that is poorly treated commonly results in the development of diabetic foot ulcers, which is one of the condition's most serious effects. The most typically affected areas of the foot are those that are continually under pressure and prone to friction. Diabetic foot ulcers are caused by a variety of factors. It is estimated that between 10% and 20% of diabetics also have peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In many cases, there are no obvious signs. Objective: To evaluate the of relationship of diabetic foot ulcers with peripheral arterial disease in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional investigation at Shaikh Zayed Hospital from august 2022 to February 2023, involving individuals aged 50 years or older who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study encompassed the assessment of both variables, where we examined the ankle-brachial index for each participant and documented relevant clinical details and anthropometric measurements. Results: Mean age of these patients was 61.34 years with a standard deviation of 3.61. In terms of gender distribution, 105 individuals were male, accounting for 63.63% of the sample, while 60 were female, representing 36.36%. The mean time with diabetes was 18.21 years with a standard deviation of 3.12. The mean ulcer size measured 8.61 millimeters with a standard deviation of 0.11. For patients with diabetic foot ulcers, there were 64 (78.04%) cases with peripheral arterial disease. Conclusions: This study identified a correlation between peripheral arterial disease and diabetic foot ulcers among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/171 10.54393/tt.v4i03.171 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 29-32 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/171/106 10.54393/tt.v4i03.171.g106 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/172 2023-12-31T18:09:43Z tt:O.A driver

Comparative Analysis of Speed Endurance Production and Maintenance Drills: A Study on Enhancing Performance in Hockey Players : Speed Endurance Production and Maintenance Drills Ghaffar, Tamjeed Ain, Quratul Kumar, Munaish Aroofa, Hafiza Asim, Hafiz Ali Bin Raza, Muhammad Haris Ali, Syed Hashir Khalid, Amna Speed Endurance Production Maintenance Drills YOYO Distance Test Hockey features a variety of high-intensity motions that cause tiredness during the most intense moments of play. During these gaming phases, anaerobic energy turnover and muscular activation are significant, which may exhaust the physiological mechanisms that fight tiredness. Objective: To determine the effects of speed endurance production and speed endurance maintenance drills on hockey players. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Gojra hockey club, Gojra. Total sample size was 60 male healthy field hockey players. Participants were selected by sealed envelope method and divided into Group A (speed endurance production) and Group B (speed endurance maintenance). Speed endurance production group received very high intensity training around 30 seconds exercise interval time followed by 2-3 minutes rest period to guarantee sufficient recovery time. Speed endurance maintenance training group involve small side games in 30-60 sec similar recovery time. The data were analysed using SPSS 23.0. Results: The age of participants with mean± SD was 21.60 ± 4.6. SEP and SEM techniques were applied in both groups. The result shows significant effect with (p˂0.05) in all respective tests: 50-meter, 400-meter, yo-yo distance and yo-yo Intermittent Recovery 2 and non-significant with (p˃0.05) in 100-meter, 200-meter and fatigue index test in between group analysis. It shows statistically significant effect within groups. Conclusions: Study concluded that speed endurance production and speed endurance maintenance is effective in improving intermittent exercise capacity and fatigue index in both groups. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/172 10.54393/tt.v4i03.172 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September 2023); 43-49 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i03 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/172/115 10.54393/tt.v4i03.172.g115 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/174 2024-01-10T15:59:13Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Achilles Tendinopathy among Physical Therapists of Pakistan: Prevalence of Achilles Tendinopathy Rafiq, Rafia Ilyas, Yumna Aftab, Ayesha Sohail, Sidra Zia, Kashmala Batool, Sana Jamil, Komal Achilles Tendonopathy Tendinitis Point Prevalance Tendo Calcaneus It is a degenerative disease that affects the tendon of Achilles, which attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone. The rate of prevalence in the general population is about 6 percent, in athletes about 24 percent, 36 percent in short-distance runners, and in middle and long-distance runners about 52 percent. Objective: To determine the frequency of Achilles tendinopathy in Physical therapists of Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done through an online survey among the Physical Therapists of Pakistan. The estimated sample size calculated from the Raosoft.com software was 449 participants. The sampling technique used in this study was convenient. The data was collected through a  validated questionnaire named a Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment- Achilles( VISA-A) measurement tool, ranging from 0 to 100 in which higher scores showed least symptoms while lower scores showed severe symptoms. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS version 23.0. Results: Out of 449 research participants between the ages of 22 to 50 years were evaluated through a validated questionnaire and the result shows 298 (66.36%) of participants participated in sports activities and the level of pain was evaluated as 95(21.15%) of participants fell in healthy, 238(53%) in mild, 97(21.60%) in moderate however 19(4.23%) participants fall in severe category of pain. Conclusions: Our study concluded that the occurance of Achilles tendinopathy is uncommon among the physical therapists population of Pakistan. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/174 10.54393/tt.v4i04.174 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 4 (October-December 2023); 19-23 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i04 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/174/108 10.54393/tt.v4i03.174.g108 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/175 2024-01-10T15:59:13Z tt:O.A driver

Comparative Analysis of Fall Prevention Strategies: Assessing the Efficacy of Transfer Techniques versus Routine Physical Therapy in Wheelchair-Using Stroke Patient : Comparative Analysis of Fall Prevention Strategies Arif, Usama Ghaffar, Tamjeed Yasin, Malaika Bazgha, Dur e Najoom Sarwar, Pakeza Shafique, Kiran Khalid, Amna Fall Prevention Physical Therapy Ischemic Stroke Transfer Technique Chedoke-Mc Master Test Stroke is often caused by high blood pressure or aneurysm. It leads to mobility issues such as hemiplegia, quadriplegia, and hemiparesis. Objective: To determine the effects of transfer techniques or routine physical therapy to prevent fall from wheelchair in private and public hospitals of Faisalabad and their comparison. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental trial. Through purposive sampling, 30 participants were selected and allocated to two groups i.e., group A (routine exercise group) and group B (transfer training group) with 15 participants in each group. Both groups received training for six weeks, with two training sessions per week. The Time Up and Go test, Balance Berg scale and Fall Efficacy Scale were used to access the fall ratio. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze and interpret results. Results: Mean age of the patient was 38.17±3.742. 63.3% were males and 36.7% were female patients. Within group analysis showed that both transfer techniques and routine physical therapy was effective in fall prevention with p-value < 0.05. Between group analyses showed that, there was statistically significant difference in both transfer techniques and routine physical therapy after the treatment of six weeks (p<0.05). Conclusions: Both transfer techniques and routine physical therapy were effective in fall prevention. But transfer techniques were found to be more effective in fall prevention than only the routine physical therapy and significant differences in the results were seen after the treatment in Fall Efficacy Scale (FES).  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/175 10.54393/tt.v4i04.175 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 4 (October-December 2023); 30-34 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i04 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/175/114 10.54393/tt.v4i04.175.g114 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.thetherapist.com.pk:article/176 2024-01-10T15:59:13Z tt:O.A driver

Prevalence of Musculo-Skeletal Pain among Badminton Players in Twin Cities of Pakistan : Prevalence of Musculo-Skeletal Pain Ejaz, Rabia Farooq, Muhammad Nazim Amjad, Fatima Batool, Rubia Khalil, Humam Tasnim, Areej Arshad, Anees Zafar, Arfa Khalid, Amna Badminton Players Musculo-skeletal Pain Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) Badminton is a popular sport with a rich tradition in Pakistan twin cities Islamabad and Rawalpindi. In badminton, players are more susceptible to certain musculoskeletal problems due to the sport's dynamic character, abrupt accelerations and decelerations. Badminton has an injury rate of 1 to 7/1000 hours per person of playing time. Objective: To find out prevalence of musculoskeletal problem including pain among the badminton players played in various clubs of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Methods: 255 badminton players participated in a convenience sample-based cross-sectional study after ethical permission. The incidence of musculoskeletal discomfort in novice badminton players' shoulder, elbow, wrist, hands, thigh, hips, knee and ankle was measured using a self-drafted survey and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.  Data collection was done sports clubs of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Study ran from September 22, 2021, to June 30, 2022. SPSS version-25 software was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed prevalence was 16.5, back 18.4, hip 7.4, knee 28.6, ankle 16.5, elbow 22.4, wrist 21.2, low back 12.9, and shoulder 49.4. Among badminton players, the most common pain regions were the shoulder and knee. Other areas that players are less likely to have discomfort in include the hands, hips and ankles. Conclusions: Conclusions of study showed younger athletes had higher prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort. Most prevalent pain areas among badminton players were the knee and shoulder.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/176 10.54393/tt.v4i04.176 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences); 2023: Volume 04 Issue 4 (October-December 2023); 14-18 2790-7414 2790-7406 10.54393/tt.v4i04 eng https://www.thetherapist.com.pk/index.php/tt/article/view/176/111 10.54393/tt.v4i04.176.g111 Copyright (c) 2023 THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 6e331d23c10925b56dde890185c95f9b