Emotional Lability and Perceived Social Support in Association with Psychological Well-Being Among University Students: An Exploratory Analysis

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systematic review exploring the signi cance of emotional instability in borderline personality disorder and concluded that emotional instability ser ves as the central characteristic of this particular disorder. Research outcomes validated the involvement of emotional instability in the development of borderline personality disorder but also emphasize its ongoing signi cance in the maintenance of the disorder [16]. Contrary to that, studies focusing on Perceived social support in individuals diagnosed with emotionally unstable personality disorder indicate that elevated levels of social support perception have a bene cial impact on overall well-being [17]. Perceived social support and psychological stress were correlated to depression. It was extensively recognized that perceived social support bene cial impacts on overall health and well-being [18,19]. Multiple researches have provided evidence suggesting perceived social support from parents, friends, and from school environment plays a signi cant role in mitigating depressive symptoms among children and adolescents [20]. During the corona virus situation in Turkey, a research study was carried out involving 378 participants aged 13 to 18 years. The research uncovered a strong and positive relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being within this particular population. The ndings suggested that with enhanced perception of social support, there was a corresponding increase in psychological well-being among the adolescents [21]. Review of literature shows the role of perceived social support in buffering the negative effects of emotional lability and fostering positive psychological outcomes. However, the existing literature on emotional lability among university students is limited, revealing a notable gap in our understanding of this critical aspect of their psychological well-being. This gap calls for further investigation to comprehensively explore the nature, causes, and consequences of emotional lability among university students. Future studies should focus on investigating effective interventions and programs that enhance emotional well-being and social support among university students. This review sets the stage for our research, we aim to pave the way for innovative interventions and practices that profoundly impact the emotional, social and psychological well-being of students. Theoretical Framework. Perceived social support has remarkable alliance with emotional lability and psychological well-being. If social support was wellforti ed then students have high life expectations and positive life view, have healthier psychological well-being and low emotional uctuations. Social support has negative relationship with emotional lability and has positive relationship with psychological well-being. population and their dire need for supportive environment. Emotional Liability is characterized by unpredictable mood swings, often including inappropriate laughter, crying, or anger that are out of proportion to the situation. According to APA emotional lability is a tendency towards sudden, rapid, and exaggerated mood changes that can be triggered by various stimuli, whether internal or external [1]. Emotional lability is linked to impulsive behaviors, thoughts of self-harm, and aggressive acts [2-4]. As described by Gollan, emotional lability refers to the inclination to undergo recurrent and unpredictable shifts in emotional states which are typically triggered by relatively minor stimuli, and characterized by a lack of emotional regulation [5]. Perceived social support is how a person perceives friends, family, and others as sources of material, psychological, and general support available when needed. The question is whether social support is perceived to be consistently associated with well-being. This is because perceived levels of support, love, and compassion can convey positive experiences [6]. A review found that quality social support was also associated with improved physical and mental health [7]. Psychological we l l -b e i n g i s a m u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l c o n c e p t t h a t encompasses positive functioning, including eudaimonic and hedonic well-being, well-being related to society, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being [8][9][10][11]. These dimensions re ect diverse aspects of human experience, such as experiencing positive emotions, personal growth, forming positive relationships, and achieving life satisfaction [12]. Engaging in positive health behaviors and making lifestyle choices have a bene cial impact on both psychological well-being and physical health [13]. Fluctuations in emotions is critical for psychological wellbeing. Different previous researches have linked instability in emotions with psychological health. In 2015, Houben and his colleagues performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dynamics of short-term emotion and psychological wellbeing. Total 79 articles were considered in the metaanalysis. Conclusions of meta-analysis include that the psychological health and maladjustments of people are tied to how their emotions evolve over time. Less uctuating and more stable emotions are sign of greater psychological well-being where as more uctuating and u n s t a b l e e m o t i o n s a r e s i g n o f p s y c h o l o g i c a l maladjustment or lower psychological well-being [14]. In a study published in 2022, it was observed that there exists a negative association between perceived social support and emotional di culties. Research demonstrated that adolescents in the age range of 17-18 years who perceive higher levels of social support tend to experience fewer emotional di culties [15]. D' Aurizio et al., conducted a Current research sample was comprised of 300 university students from both male and female population belong to both rural and urban habitat with an age range of 18 to 26 years. Sample size was selected through G power. G Power is a statistical software widely used for power analysis and sample size determination in research studies. It allows researchers to calculate the required sample size based on various parameters. Sample was collected from different universities, both government and private from Sialkot, Pakistan. Random probability sampling technique was used which means that the sample was selected from the population using a method that gives each member of the population an equal and known chance of being included in the sample. This approach ensures that the sample is representative of the larger population. A cross-sectional study is a type of observational study design where data were collected from a population or sample at a speci c point in time. It aims to provide a snapshot or a "crosssection" of the population at that particular moment, examining the prevalence of certain characteristics, behaviors, or outcomes. For the purpose of assessment self-developed demographic sheet with standardized scales Affective Lability  As, those students who have weak social support, they have to face more emotional disturbance and have poor mental health. They are usually stressed and have low capability of carrying out their tasks capability of carrying out their tasks.

M E T H O D S R E S U L T S
Linear regression analysis and interpretive correlations were applied. (SPSS,. Mean percentages and standard deviations for were calculated using descriptive statistics.    Linear regression analysis was basically applied to check the effect of perceived social support psychological wellbeing and emotional lability. Results explored that perceived social support predict signi cantly the emotional lability among university students and psychological well-being among university students. Hence, a signi cant relationship exists between perceived social support and psychological well-being and emotional lability ( Figure 1). Findings also suggests that managing and reducing emotional lability is important for promoting positive mental health outcomes among students. Emotional instability is involved in the development of borderline personality disorder but also emphasize its ongoing signi cance in the maintenance of the disorder and affects individual mental health [29]. Contrary to that, individuals diagnosed with emotionally unstable personality disorder with elevated levels of social support perception have a bene cial impact on overall well-being [30]. Tables result reveal that Emotional lability had a signi cant negative relationship with the psychological well-being that means emotion lability reduced with the increase of the psychological well-being. Moreover, ndings of the study provide compelling evidence that the level of perceived social support has a transformative effect on the link between emotional lability and psychological well-being.
The presence of strong social support can act as a protective factor, mitigating the impact of emotional lability and fostering enhanced psychological well-being. Conversely, a lack of perceived social support may exacerbate the negative effects of emotional lability, leading to poorer psychological well-being. It can be concluded that, higher social support is fundamentally connected with less emotional lability and enhanced the psychological well-being.
The present research study investigated the relationship between emotional lability, perceived social support, and psychological well-being among university students. The results of the study provide valuable insights regarding the importance of presence of perceived social support among university students. Study ndings demonstrated signi cant negative relationship between perceived social support and emotional lability. When university students feel more supported by others, their emotional instability decreases. This means that having stronger social support acts as a shield against turbulent emotions, promoting a sense of calm and balance. Previous research has shown that social support helps people become more resilient in handling stress and responding to challenges in healthier ways. It's also consistent with previous studies. A study showed a negative relationship between perceived social support and emotional liability. Key ndings of the study revealed that 17-18-year-olds who had higher levels of social support had fewer emotional lability [25]. It means that effect of perceived social support would be inversely proportional to the emotional lability. The study found a positive correlation between perceived social support and psychological well-being among university students. This means that when students perceive greater support from their social networks, their overall psychological wellbeing tends to be higher. In simpler terms, having stronger social support systems in place is associated with better mental and emotional well-being for university students. Social support theory highlights the signi cance of social relationships and networks in promoting psychological well-being and propose that individuals who have a strong social support system were better able to manage effectually with stress and anxiety [26]. In table 1, results indicated signi cant relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being. This signi cant relationship was found in a study of 90 epilepsy patients. Which shown that strong social support and psychological well-being improved overall mental health [27]. Social support is crucial during di cult times. A person who is suffering from any disease can nd comfort only by sharing his problems with family, friends or others. In our cultural context, it has been observed that individuals with healthy relationships and the support of family friends and relatives leads a healthier life and better managing with problems. Hence, there were the positive and signi cant relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being. Furthermore, ndings have shown a signi cant relationship between perceived social suppor t, emotional ability and psychological well-being among university students. Previous researches have not studied this unique

C O N C L U S I O N S
In sum, it is concluded that there is a signi cant relationship between emotional lability, perceived social support and psychological well-being among university students. Perceived social support acts as a moderator in predicting the relationship between emotional lability and psychological well-being.

C o n  i c t s o f I n t e r e s t
The authors declare no con ict of interest.